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    Coordinated activities of trunk and upper extremity muscles during walker-assisted paraplegic gait: A synergy study

    , Article Human Movement Science ; Volume 62 , 2018 , Pages 184-193 ; 01679457 (ISSN) Baniasad, M ; Farahmand, F ; Arazpour, M ; Zohoor, H ; Sharif University of Technology
    Elsevier B.V  2018
    Abstract
    Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) at lower thoracic levels might walk independently with the aid of mechanical orthoses and walker by using their unimpaired trunk and upper extremity muscles (TUEM). The required motor skills and the associated subtasks of the paraplegic locomotion, however, have not been well understood yet. The purpose of this study was to investigate the coordination of the TUEM activities throughout the paraplegic gait cycle using synergy analysis. For eight paraplegic individuals (30.6 ± 11.6 years; SCI level: T12), the kinematics data and the surface electromyography (EMG) signals of TUEM were recorded during 15 gait cycles. Non-negative matrix factorization... 

    Role and significance of trunk and upper extremity muscles in walker-assisted paraplegic gait: a case study

    , Article Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation ; Volume 24, Issue 1 , 2018 , Pages 18-27 ; 10820744 (ISSN) Baniasad, M ; Farahmand, F ; Arazpour, M ; Zohoor, H ; Sharif University of Technology
    Thomas Land Publishers Inc  2018
    Abstract
    Background and Purpose: Understanding the role and significance of trunk and upper extremity muscles in paraplegic gait can help in designing more effective assistive devices for these patients and also provides valuable information for improving muscle strengthening programs. Methods: In a patient with a spinal cord injury (SCI) who could walk independently (rating scale of ambulatory capacity, 9) with the aid of bilateral ankle-foot orthosis and a walker, the kinematics, kinetics and electromyographic (EMG) activities of 16 muscles from the trunk and upper and lower extremities were recorded during gait. The onset, cessation, and duration of the EMG signal were associated with the 4 phases... 

    Feasibility of a powered knee joint in providing stance and swing phase knee flexion when using a knee-ankle-foot orthosis

    , Article Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics ; Volume 29, Issue 4 , 2017 , Pages 177-182 ; 10408800 (ISSN) Rafiaei, M ; Arazpour, M ; Bahramizadeh, M ; Farahmand, F ; Jamshidi, N ; Samadian, M ; Sharif University of Technology
    Abstract
    Background The aim of this study was to develop a new stance control knee-ankle-foot orthosis (SCKAFO) and determine its efficacy on specific spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters. Method Seven healthy volunteer subjects participated in this study. After orthotic gait training, subjects participated in a four-part data collection session that consisted of gait evaluation with normal walking, SCKAFO with locked knee joint, SCKAFO without initial flexion (IF) mode, and SCKAFO with IF mode. Results Walking with any of the control knee-ankle-foot orthoses (KAFOs) produced a significant reduction in walking speed compared with normal walking. There was no significant difference in walking speed... 

    Effect of vibration on postural control and gait of elderly subjects: a systematic review

    , Article Aging Clinical and Experimental Research ; 2017 , Pages 1-14 ; 15940667 (ISSN) Aboutorabi, A ; Arazpour, M ; Bahramizadeh, M ; Farahmand, F ; Fadayevatan, R ; Sharif University of Technology
    Abstract
    Background and aim: Gait and balance disorders are common in the elderly populations, and their prevalence increases with age. This systematic review was performed to summarize the current evidence for subthreshold vibration interventions on postural control and gait in elderly. Method: A review of intervention studies including the following words in the title/abstract: insole, foot and ankle appliances, vibration, noise and elderly related to balance and gait. Databases searched included PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Ovid, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Fifteen articles were selected for final evaluation. The procedure was followed using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews... 

    Effect of vibration on postural control and gait of elderly subjects: a systematic review

    , Article Aging Clinical and Experimental Research ; Volume 30, Issue 7 , 2018 , Pages 713-726 ; 15940667 (ISSN) Aboutorabi, A ; Arazpour, M ; Bahramizadeh, M ; Farahmand, F ; Fadayevatan, R ; Sharif University of Technology
    Springer International Publishing  2018
    Abstract
    Background and aim: Gait and balance disorders are common in the elderly populations, and their prevalence increases with age. This systematic review was performed to summarize the current evidence for subthreshold vibration interventions on postural control and gait in elderly. Method: A review of intervention studies including the following words in the title/abstract: insole, foot and ankle appliances, vibration, noise and elderly related to balance and gait. Databases searched included PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Ovid, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Fifteen articles were selected for final evaluation. The procedure was followed using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews... 

    Designing instrumented walker to measure upper-extremity’s efforts: a case study

    , Article Assistive Technology ; 2018 , Pages 1-9 ; 10400435 (ISSN) Khodadadi, M ; Arab Baniasad, M ; Arazpour, M ; Farahmand, F ; Zohoor, H ; Sharif University of Technology
    Taylor and Francis Inc  2018
    Abstract
    The high prevalence of shoulder pain in using walkers in patients who have spinal cord injury (SCI). Also, the limited options available to economically measure grip forces in walkers, which drove the need to create one. This article describes a method to obtain upper-extremities’ forces and moments in a person with SCI by designing an appropriate instrumented walker. First, since the commercial multidirectional loadcells are too expensive, custom loadcells are fabricated. Ultimately, a complete gait analysis by means of VICON motion analysis and using inverse dynamic method has been held to measure upper-extremities’ efforts. The results for a person with SCI using a two-wheel walker in low... 

    Design and evaluation of vibratory shoe on balance control for elderly subjects: technical note

    , Article Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology ; Volume 13, Issue 2 , 2018 , Pages 173-177 ; 17483107 (ISSN) Aboutorabi, A ; Arazpour, M ; Farahmand, F ; Bahramizadeh, M ; Fadayevatan, R ; Abdollahi, E ; Sharif University of Technology
    Taylor and Francis Ltd  2018
    Abstract
    Background and Aim: Aging often results in a decline in somatosensory function, and such changes are associated with diminished motor performance. Input noise can enhance sensory and motor function through a mechanism known as stochastic resonance (SR). This paper describes the development and testing of a new vibrating shoe to possibly assist the elderly patients in controlling their balance and decreasing their falling risks. Technique: The new vibrating shoe was evaluated to ascertain its ability to generate appropriate random and nonlinear vibrations. The vibratory shoe performance in two young subjects with decreased foot sensation and two elderly subjects in different static and... 

    Designing instrumented walker to measure upper-extremity’s efforts: A case study

    , Article Assistive Technology ; Volume 31, Issue 5 , 2019 , Pages 267-275 ; 10400435 (ISSN) Khodadadi, M ; Baniasad, M. A ; Arazpour, M ; Farahmand, F ; Zohoor, H ; Sharif University of Technology
    Taylor and Francis Inc  2019
    Abstract
    The high prevalence of shoulder pain in using walkers in patients who have spinal cord injury (SCI). Also, the limited options available to economically measure grip forces in walkers, which drove the need to create one. This article describes a method to obtain upper-extremities’ forces and moments in a person with SCI by designing an appropriate instrumented walker. First, since the commercial multidirectional loadcells are too expensive, custom loadcells are fabricated. Ultimately, a complete gait analysis by means of VICON motion analysis and using inverse dynamic method has been held to measure upper-extremities’ efforts. The results for a person with SCI using a two-wheel walker in low... 

    Design and evaluation of an articulated ankle foot orthosis with plantarflexion resistance on the gait: A case series of 2 patients with hemiplegia

    , Article Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering ; Volume 10, Issue 1 , 2020 , Pages 119-128 Daryabor, A ; Arazpour, M ; Aminian, G ; Baniasad, M ; Yamamoto, S ; Sharif University of Technology
    Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  2020
    Abstract
    Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) have been described to have positive effects on the gait biomechanics in stroke patients. The plantarflexion resistance of an AFO is considered important for hemiplegic patients, but the evidence is still limited. The purpose of this case series was to design and evaluate the immediate effect of an articulated AFO on kinematics and kinetics of lower-limb joints in stroke patients. The articulated AFO with the adjustment of plantarflexion resistance was designed. The spring generates a plantarflexion resistance of the ankle joint at initial stance phase. The efficacy of orthosis was evaluated on two stroke patients in 2 conditions: without an AFO and with the AFO.... 

    The influence of new reciprocating link medial linkage orthosis on walking and independence in a spinal cord injury patient

    , Article Spinal Cord ; Volume 53 , October , 2015 , Pages S10-S12 ; 13624393 (ISSN) Ahmadi Bani, M ; Arazpour, M ; Farahmand, F ; Azmand, A ; Hutchins, S. W ; Vahab Kashani, R ; Mousavi, M. E ; Sharif University of Technology
    Nature Publishing Group  2015
    Abstract
    Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and evaluation of a new medial linkage reciprocating gait orthosis (MLRGO) that incorporates a reciprocal mechanism and is sensitive to pelvic motion to potentially assist paraplegic patients to walk and provide functional independence. Case description and methods: The new orthosis was constructed and tested by a 20-year-old female paraplegic subject with transverse myelitis at T10 level, who was 4 years post injury and had also been an isocentric reciprocating gait orthosis (IRGO) user for 2 years. She received gait training for 12 weeks before undertaking gait analysis, and also completed a questionnaire that was... 

    The gait and energy efficiency of stance control knee-ankle-foot orthoses: A literature review

    , Article Prosthetics and Orthotics International ; Volume 40, Issue 2 , 2016 , Pages 202-214 ; 03093646 (ISSN) Rafiaei, M ; Bahramizadeh, M ; Arazpour, M ; Samadian, M ; Hutchins, S. W ; Farahmand, F ; Mardani, M. A ; Sharif University of Technology
    SAGE Publications Inc  2016
    Abstract
    Background: The use of knee-ankle-foot orthoses with drop locked knee joints produces some limitations for walking in subjects with quadriceps muscle weakness. The development of stance control orthoses can potentially improve their functionality. Objectives: The aim of this review was to compare the evidence of the effect of stance control orthoses to knee-ankle-foot orthoses with drop locked knee joints in improving kinematic variables and energy efficiency of walking by subjects with quadriceps muscle weakness caused by different pathologies. Study design: Literature review. Methods: Based on selected keywords and their composition, a search was performed in Google Scholar, PubMed,... 

    A systematic review of the effect of foot orthoses and shoe characteristics on balance in healthy older subjects

    , Article Prosthetics and Orthotics International ; Volume 40, Issue 2 , 2016 , Pages 170-181 ; 03093646 (ISSN) Aboutorabi, A ; Bahramizadeh, M ; Arazpour, M ; Fadayevatan, R ; Farahmand, F ; Curran, S ; Hutchins, S. W ; Sharif University of Technology
    SAGE Publications Inc  2016
    Abstract
    Background: Foot orthoses are used to optimize lower extremity function and can improve postural stability by enhancing the afferent somatosensory feedback available to the central nervous system. Objective: The aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of foot orthoses on balance control in older subjects. Study design: Systematic review. Methods: The search strategy was based on the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome method. A search was performed in PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and ISI Web of Knowledge databases by using selected keywords. A total of 22 articles were selected for final evaluation. Results: The results demonstrated that older people should be advised... 

    Design and analysis of an original powered foot clearance creator mechanism for walking in patients with spinal cord injury

    , Article Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology ; March , 2018 , Pages 1-5 ; 17483107 (ISSN) Maleki, M ; Badri, S ; Shayestehepour, H ; Arazpour, M ; Farahmand, F ; Mousavi, M. E ; Abdolahi, E ; Farkhondeh, H ; Head, J. S ; Golchin, N ; Mardani, M. A ; Sharif University of Technology
    Taylor and Francis Ltd  2018
    Abstract
    Background: The aim of this study was to assess the performance of an original powered foot clearance creator (PFCC) mechanism worn in conjunction with an isocentric reciprocal gait orthosis (IRGO) and evaluate its effect on trunk compensatory movements and spatiotemporal parameters in nine healthy subjects. Method: A PFCC motorized mechanism was designed that incorporated twin sole plates, the movements of which enabled increased toe to floor clearance during swing phase. A prototype was constructed in combination with an IRGO, and hence was re-named as an IRGO-PFCC orthosis. The effects of IRGO-PFCC usage on the spatiotemporal parameters and trunk compensatory movements during walking were... 

    Design and analysis of an original powered foot clearance creator mechanism for walking in patients with spinal cord injury

    , Article Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology ; Volume 14, Issue 4 , 2019 , Pages 333-337 ; 17483107 (ISSN) Maleki, M ; Badri, S ; Shayestehepour, H ; Arazpour, M ; Farahmand, F ; Mousavi, M. E ; Abdolahi, E ; Farkhondeh, H ; Head, J. S ; Golchin, N ; Mardani, M. A ; Sharif University of Technology
    Taylor and Francis Ltd  2019
    Abstract
    Background: The aim of this study was to assess the performance of an original powered foot clearance creator (PFCC) mechanism worn in conjunction with an isocentric reciprocal gait orthosis (IRGO) and evaluate its effect on trunk compensatory movements and spatiotemporal parameters in nine healthy subjects. Method: A PFCC motorized mechanism was designed that incorporated twin sole plates, the movements of which enabled increased toe to floor clearance during swing phase. A prototype was constructed in combination with an IRGO, and hence was re-named as an IRGO-PFCC orthosis. The effects of IRGO-PFCC usage on the spatiotemporal parameters and trunk compensatory movements during walking were...