Sharif Digital Repository

Liposomes are known to be promising nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery applications. Among different types of self-assembled NPs, liposomes stand out for their non-toxic nature, and their possession of dual hydrophilic-hydrophobic domains. Advantages of liposomes include the ability to solubilize hydrophobic drugs, the ability to incorporate different hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs at the same time, lessening the exposure of host organs to potentially toxic drugs and allowing modification of the surface by a variety of different chemical groups. This modification of the surface, or of the individual constituents, may be used to achieve two important goals. Firstly, ligands for active... 

Liposomes are known to be promising nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery applications. Among the different types of self-assembled NPs, liposomes stand out for their non-toxic nature and their possession of dual hydrophilic-hydrophobic domains. The advantages of liposomes include the ability to solubilize hydrophobic drugs, the ability to incorporate different hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs at the same time, lessening the exposure of host organs to potentially toxic drugs and allowing modification of the surface by a variety of different chemical groups. This modification of the surface, or of the individual constituents, may be used to achieve two important goals. First, ligands for... 

Nowadays development of cell phone network provides huge and ubiquitous data, with wide application in transportation science. One of the most important advantages of these kinds of data is enabling the process of collecting information without any active users' interference. A big data set consisting of 300,000 cell phone users' information in Shiraz are studied. This data set includes spatiotemporal information of travelers for every 5 minutes in a time span of 40 hours in two consecutive days. The spatial part of each user's information contains the position of the BTS (Base Transceiver Station) to which his cell phone is currently connected. Due to the existence of outliers, it is... 

The corresponding author, Mohammad Hosein Farzaei, affiliation is Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. The correct spelling of the 7th author surname is Iranpanah. © 2018, Springer Nature Switzerland AG  

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which is classified into Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are among chronic gastrointestinal diseases with unknown pathogenesis. Diverse strategies have been applied for the treatment of this chronic disease. However, selective and site-specific routes of drug delivery to the inflamed location of the colon remain of high importance. Consequently, the application and effects of natural products in the form of nanoformulation and stimuli responsive nanoparticles as a novel strategy for the treatment of IBD are discussed in this review article. This approach may potentially overcome some complications that are associated with conventional means of colon... 

The demand for freshwater has enormously risen the water stress in various parts of the globe. Accessibility of clean water is crucial for sustainable development involving socioeconomic and environmental promotion. Considering the fact that 96.5% of all Earth’s water is related to seawater, desalination (producing clean potable water from sea or saline water) can be considered as a leading solution to fulfill water scarcity problem. Among various advanced and conventional techniques, carbon nanotube (CNT) membrane has become an attractive alternate for most of water treatment methods owing supreme features such as easy operationality, low energy and expense requirement, high water... 

The global economy is based on the source of the energy supply. During the past few decades, the consumption of fossil fuel as the main power resource motivated scientists to substitute it with renewable resources. The increasing discovery of new materials in diverse industries has faced scholars with serious environmental issues. To overcome these challenges, developing novel materials and technologies seems necessary. Owing to various privileges (such as high monolayer surface area, electrical conductivity, thermal resistance) compared to other materials, the synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials (NM; e.g., graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, etc.) has come a long way. In this... 

The goal of this study is to evaluate the effects of proportional loading, plane stress, and constant thickness assumptions on hydro-mechanical deep drawing (HDD) by developing analytical models. The main model includes no simplifying assumption, and then each of the mentioned assumptions is considered in a specific model. The interrelationships between geometrical and mechanical variables are obtained in the finite difference form based on the incremental strain theory, thereby being solved by Broyden algorithm. Published experimental and FE results are used for evaluation of the results obtained in the present work. The results of models under proportional loading, plane stress, and... 

Rapid population growth and widespread industrialization are the main contributing factors to the increasing contamination of the world’s diminishing freshwater resources. This work investigates Fe/TiO2 as an efficient and sustainable photocatalyst for treating organic micropollutants in water. The photocatalysts prepared by these mechanochemical methods used a high-energy ball milling technique to manipulate Fe/TiO2’s structural, optical, and catalytic properties for the photo-oxidation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). Doping with iron effectively reduced the band gap of rutile TiO2 from 3 to 2.22 eV. By reducing the ball/powder ratio from 34 to 7, the removal efficiency of 2,4-DCP... 

In the presented paper, an analytical model is developed for calculation of the air gap magnetic flux density in the axial-flux surface-mounted PM machines. The slotting effect is taken into account in the air gap magnetic flux distribution, accurately. The main novelty of this study is replacing the stator teeth by some surface currents at the border of the removed stator teeth. The uniqueness theorem is applied to find the surface currents. The two-dimensional (2D) field solution in the slotless machine is solved easily by separation of variables method. The multi-slice quasi-3D method is applied for taking 3D nature of field distribution into account. In addition, the back-EMF, armature... 

A label-free electrochemical biosensor was developed for the rapid detection of the matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) biomarker on the basis of antibody immobilizing on the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle and ZnO nanorod electrodes. The charge transfer resistance (Rct) of the electrodes was used as the indicator for MMP-9 concentration, which was obtained through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The ZnO nanorod-based biosensor exhibited linear behavior in the MMP-9 concentration range of 1–1000 ng/ml, which is a wider range than the available concentration ranges for most of the conventional methods. The biosensor sensitivity was 32.5 μA/(decade × cm2)... 

This study aims to investigate the hydrogen production process using an integrated system based on solar energy. This system includes an evacuated tube collector to absorb solar energy as input energy of the system. A parametric analysis was conducted to determine the most important design parameters and evaluate these parameters' impact on the system's objective functions. For identifying the optimum system conditions, multi-objective optimization was performed using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The results obtained from the parametric analysis show that an increment in the collector mass flow rate and the turbine inlet temperature, as well as a decrement in the collector... 

During the COVID-19 pandemic, significant changes occurred in customer behavior, especially in traffic and urban transmission systems. In this context, there is a need for more scientific research and managerial approaches to develop behavior-based smart transportation solutions to deal with recent changes in customers, drivers, and traffic behaviors, including the volume of traffic and traffic routes. This research has tried to find a comprehensive view of novel travel behavior in different routes using a new social network analysis method. Our research is rooted in graph theory/network analysis and application of centrality concepts in social network analysis, particularly in the...