Sharif Digital Repository

Single-crystal hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanorods and nanogranules have been synthesized successfully by a mechanochemical process using two distinct experimental procedures. The experimental outcomes are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. In this work, the feasibility of using polymeric milling media to prepare hydroxyapatite nanoparticles is described. The resulting hydroxyapatite powder exhibits an average size of about 20 to 23 nm. Final results indicate that the proposed synthesis strategy provides a facile pathway to obtain single-crystal HAp with high quality and suitable morphology. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights... 

The potential of end-users to modify their consumption pattern makes them an interesting resource for providing energy flexibility in energy communities. Thus, active end-users require sufficient incentives and automated trading and management schemes. In order to enable increased small-scale end-users participation for flexibility service provision, a new design for flexibility trading is required to model the behavior of different agents and their interactions in energy communities. The novelty of our work lies in proposing an iterative game-based approach in which all agents - consisting of the distribution system operator (DSO), aggregators, and customers- can determine their decision... 

Microfluidic experiments have found wide applications in medical sciences and engineering, such as cell separation and focusing. In the present study, focusing and separation of particles with different sizes and densities were investigated by designing inertial microfluidic devices. The microfluidic channel is designed by analyzing the induced forces on the particles. In the designing process, the objective was to focus and separate the particles in the shortest length of the channel with the lowest possible cycles and high efficiency. The simulation is then used for analyzing the two proposed geometries to evaluate their particle separation and focusing ability, named convergent and... 

Targeted drug delivery using nanocarriers (NCs) is one of the novel techniques that has recently been used to improve drug delivery to the Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the surface density of NCs (SDNC) adhered via ligand-receptor binding to the inner wall of AAA. For this purpose, fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis was first performed for the patient-specific and ideal AAA models. Then, by injecting NCs into the aortic artery, the values of SDNC adhered to and interacted with AAA wall were obtained. Two types of NCs, liposomes, and solid particles in four different diameters, were used to investigate the effect of the diameter and... 

A new inelastic mechanism, detwinning-induced plasticity (DIP), is proposed to model the response of NiTi SMAs to cyclic loading, based on thermodynamic considerations. DIP is incorporated into a constitutive framework for NiTi SMA. The constitutive framework also includes well-established inelastic mechanisms of phase transformation, transformation-induced plasticity, residual martensite, and detwinning. The model is constructed at the single crystal scale using the framework of thermodynamics and a crystal plasticity formulation. An explicit scale-transition rule is adopted for the simulation of polycrystalline materials, allowing direct comparison of the model predictions with published... 

The wave functions for calculating 13C nuclear magnetic chemical shifts of 22 groups of organic compounds (64 molecules) in chloroform solution have been optimally selected using factorial design as a multivariate technique. Our own N-layered integrated molecular orbital and molecular mechanics approach was applied for molecules with different types of carbons. The results have obtained in very good agreement with the experimental values. An additional series (58 molecules) have been used as test sets and their results confirm the validity and reliability of the approaches. The total root mean square deviation and correlation coefficient of predictions (433 carbons) are 1.88 and .9994,... 

Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs) are widely used in high-speed and low voltage applications because of their attractive features such as robustness and simplicity. No winding on the rotor of this type of motors allows reaching high speed which is desired for many applications. Drive circuits of SRMs also play an important role in their performance and operation. In this paper, a new bifilar drive circuit for this type of motors has been proposed. This novel configuration has been tested and investigated by PSIM software. Results show that the new bifilar drive circuit highly reduces the voltage stresses on semiconductor switches, and also considerably reduces the switching losses which are... 

This paper presents a dry mechanochemical process to produce hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles. Two distinct chemical reactions are introduced to prepare HAp powders using milling process. Structural and morphological properties of the obtained materials are studied by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results reveal that the single crystal HAp nanoparticles have been successfully produced in metallic and polymeric vials through two different experimental procedures. Tempered chrome steel and polyamide-6 materials are adopted as the metallic and polymeric vials respectively. Nanoellipse, nanorod and nanosphere powders are obtained in these experimental procedures.... 

Since the air density reduces as altitude increases, operation of small wind turbines (SWTs), which usually have no pitch adjustment, remains challenging at high altitudes due largely to the reduction of starting aerodynamic torque. By reducing the moment of inertia through the use of hollow blades, this study aims to speed up the starting while maintaining the structural integrity of the blades and high output power. A horizontal axis turbine with hollow blades was designed for two sites in Iran with altitude of 500 m and 3000 m. The design variables are the distributions of the chord, twist, and shell thickness and the improvement of output power and starting are the design goals.... 

Using solid-state power amplifiers for next generation of weather radars becomes feasible by pulse compression techniques. In this study a 1.5 kW solid-state power amplifier (transmitter) for C-band weather radars is designed and fabricated by GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology. An experimental setup based on heterodyne receiver with 16-bit digitiser is developed to investigate the behavior of the power amplifier under different cooling methods and back-off points. Several measurements with shaped LFM pulse show an approximately identical pulse to pulse (P2P) stability for 3 dB compression, P1dB and 2 dB back-off points while the best sidelobe level (SLL) is achieved for... 

Regarding the increasing number of electrical devices in the smart homes that leads to increase in total electricity consumption and cost, it is essential to use energy management methods to reduce the electricity cost. However, this can cause resident's dissatisfaction. Hence, it is important to define a method in which cost and dissatisfaction be optimized simultaneously. Among different services, an electric vehicle is the one that can be used as an energy storage system, so it can reduce the daily cost despite of increasing the total energy consumption. In this paper, we study the effect of the EV on the cost and dissatisfaction in our proposed method. © 2018 IEEE  

Application of Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) to a Uranium hexafluoride (UF 6) production process is presented in this paper. The process is constituted from three main units: UF 4 conversion to UF 6, condensation of produced UF 6 gas and tail gas treatment. Radioactive gas is present in all parts of the process and occurrence of high pressure or high temperature in the process equipments may lead to radioactive release to workplace and environment. The work is mainly based on PSA experience in nuclear power plants. Accordingly for the process, eight group of Initiating Events (IE) that lead to UF 6 gas release have been identified using HAZOP study. For each IE, based on related... 

In self-controlling hyperthermia therapy, once the desired temperature is reached, the heat generation ceases and overheating is prevented. In order to design a system that generates sufficient heat without thermal ablation of surrounding healthy tissue, a good understanding of temperature distribution and its change with time is imperative. This study is conducted to extend our understanding about the heat generation and transfer, temperature distribution and temperature rise pattern in the tumor and surrounding tissue during self-controlling magnetic hyperthermia. A model consisting of two concentric spheres that represents the tumor and its surrounding tissue is considered and temperature... 

This study investigates the aerodynamic loads and energy losses of a typical 600 kW wind turbine with S816 airfoil blade under two different icing conditions. Three sections at different radial positions were considered to estimate the icing effect along the blade. Ice accretion simulations in wet and dry regimes were carried out using the NASA LEWICE 3.2 computer program. The airflow simulations were performed with CFD method and SST k -ω turbulence model. The results of these simulations, including streamlines, surface pressure, skin friction, lift, and drag coefficients, were inspected for both clean and iced airfoils. In the case of wet iced airfoil, a separation bubble was created in... 

The current study presents an application of near infrared spectroscopy for identification and quantification of the fraudulent addition of barley in roasted and ground coffee samples. Nine different types of coffee including pure Arabica, Robusta and mixtures of them at different roasting degrees were blended with four types of barley. The blending degrees were between 2 and 20 wt% of barley. D-optimal design was applied to select 100 and 30 experiments to be used as calibration and test set, respectively. Partial least squares regression (PLS) was employed to build the models aimed at predicting the amounts of barley in coffee samples. In order to obtain simplified models, taking into...