Sharif Digital Repository

Today, many limitations are faced in sludge treatment and disposal. Therefore evaluation of different approaches to reduce sludge production in the activated sludge process has attracted great attention. Application of ultrasonic waves in sludge treatment caused to reduce sludge volume and accelerate sludge digestion. This research intended to study the efficiency of ultrasound in dewatering biological sludge in wastewater treatment plants under different conditions. In this study, response surface method was used to investigate results and optimum conditions were determined. Sludge was treated in different conditions as follows: 330–920 W ultrasound power, 1.5–3.9 L sample volume and... 

Direct drive motors have the excellent ability for precision position control due to their direct connection to load and elimination of the gearbox and pulley backlash. Among the direct drive motors, permanent NdFeB magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are the best choice for control systems due to their high efficiency, high power density, good dynamic behaviour, and excellent controllability. This study deals with the design, analysis, and fabrication of a direct drive PMSM for precision position control. To reach this aim, the designed motor should have very low cogging torque and torque ripple to avoid the motor deviation at the target point. To achieve these purposes, at first, a suitable... 

In synchros and resolvers, brushes, and slip-rings produce a lot of noise in the output signal. Compared to encoders, the application of such position sensors in precision control systems is restricted because of their low accuracy. In this paper, a novel scheme of a brushless synchro is introduced. In this scheme, the primary and secondary windings are mounted on the stator, and the stator magnetic flux passes a certain path in the rotor with inducing voltage in the secondary winding. In this paper, a software method based on simple look-up table is used to enhance accuracy and reliability of the output signal of the proposed synchro. The operation principle of the brushless synchro is... 

Using multiple antennas at the transmit and receive sides of a passive radar brings both the benefits of MIMO radar and passive radar. However one of the obstacles arisen in such configuration is the receive antennas placement in proper positions so that the radar performance is improved. Here we just consider the case of positioning one receiver among multiple illuminators of opportunity. Indeed it is a start for the solution of optimizing the geometry of the multiple receivers in a passive radar  

SbCl3 supported on montmorillonite K-10 is an efficient catalyst for the ring opening of epoxides with aromatic amines under solvent-free conditions and microwave irradiation to give the corresponding b-amino alcohols in high yields with high regioselectivity  

One of the important obstacles in MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) radars is the issue of designing proper transmit signals. Indeed, the capability of signal design is a significant advantage in MIMO radars, through which, the system can achieve much better performance. Many different aspects of this performance improvement have been considered yet, and the transmit signals have been designed to attain such goal, e.g., getting higher SNR or better detector's performance at the receiver. However, an important tool for evaluating the radar's performance is its ambiguity function. In this paper, we consider the problem of transmit signal design, in order to optimize the ambiguity function... 

Two gains play key roles in recently developed MIMO wireless communication systems: "spatial diversity" gain and "spatial multiplexing" gain. The diversity gain refers to the capability to decrease the error rate of the MIMO channel, while the multiplexing gain implicitly refers to the amount of increase in the capacity of the MIMO channel. It has been shown that there is a fundamental tradeoff between these two types of gains, meaning interplay between increasing reliability (via an increase in the diversity gain) and increasing data rate (via an increase in the multiplexing gain). On the other hand, recently, MIMO radars have attracted much attention for their superior ability to enhance... 

It is a well known fact that using multiple antennas at transmit and receive sides improves the detection performance. However, in such multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration, proper positioning of transmitters and receivers is a big challenge that can have significant influence on the performance of the overall system. In addition, determining the power of each transmitter under a total power constraint is a problem that should be solved in order to enhance the performance and coverage of such a system. In this paper, we design the Neyman-Pearson detector under the Rayleigh scatter model and use it to introduce a criterion for the antenna placement at both transmit and receive... 

There has been much interest, recently, towards exploiting the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technique in radar. It is shown that using multiple antennas at transmit and receive sides can improve the performance of the system. However, in order to analyze the system's performance, its ambiguity function, i.e. the ambiguity function of a MIMO radar, is needed to be defined. In this paper, beginning from the information theoretic definitions, we derive such function, specifically for a MIMO radar with widely separated antennas  

By combining the two ideas of MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) and PCL (Passive Coherent Location) in radar, one can achieve the advantages of both recently developed techniques simultaneously. While using multiple antennas at the receive side provides a spatial diversity of the object to be detected, using multiple illuminators of opportunity, most importantly, makes the radar covert to the interceptors. One obstacle in such MIMO configuration is choosing the positions of the receive antennas. In this paper, after analyzing the Neyman-Pearson detector for the DVB-T based PCL, we introduce the probability of missed detection as a criterion to place the receive antenna. Here, we only... 

One of the most important obstacles in passive radar applications is removing the direct signal from the target channel. Otherwise, week echoes from the targets in the target channel would be ignored due to the limited dynamic range of the system. One of the most effective techniques in this field is using adaptive filters. In this paper various adaptive filters are introduced and their performances are shown and compared  

It has been shown that using multiple antennas in a radar system improves the performance considerably, since multiple target echoes are received from different aspect angles of the target. In this way, the target detection is improved. However, when using multiple antennas, some problems, such as designing the transmit signals, synchronization, etc. emerge that should be solved. One of such problems is the receiver placement. Receiver placement deals with choosing a proper position for the receive antenna in order to optimize the whole system's performance. In this paper, a receiver placement procedure based on improving the radar ambiguity function is proposed for the case of a multisite... 

By employing the MIMO (multiple-input-multiple-output) technology in radar, some new problems emerged, that, in order to benefit the MIMO gains in radar, it was necessary to solve them suitably. One of such obstacles is determining the positions of receive antennas in a MIMO radar system with widely separated antennas (WS MIMO radar), since it is shown that the antennas' positions affect the whole system's performance considerably. In this study, a proper receivers' positioning procedure is proposed. To do this end, four criteria are developed based on the proposed MIMO detector and the MIMO ambiguity function. The simulations verify that the proposed positioning procedure improves the... 

Phenols and alcohols are silylated with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) under microwave irradiation in solvent-free condition in good to excellent yields  

Modified couple stress theory is a size-dependent theorem capturing the micro/nanoscale effects influencing the mechanical behaviors of the micro- and nanostructures. In this paper, it is applied to investigate the nonlinear vibration of carbon nanotubes under step DC voltage. The vibration, natural frequencies and dynamic pull-in characteristics of the carbon nanotubes are studied in detail. Moreover, the effects of various boundary conditions and geometries are scrutinized on the dynamic characteristics. The results reveal that application of this theory leads to the higher values of the natural frequencies and dynamic pull-in voltages  

We study a classical problem in communication and wireless networks called Finding White Space Regions. In this problem, we are given a set of antennas (points) some of which are noisy (black) and the rest are working fine (white). The goal is to find a set of convex hulls with maximum total area that cover all white points and exclude all black points. In other words, these convex hulls make it safe for white antennas to communicate with each other without any interference with black antennas. We study the problem on three different settings (based on overlapping between different convex hulls) and find hardness results and good approximation algorithms  

Hybrid nanofluids have several advantages compared with the conventional types due to their modified properties. Their enhanced thermophysical and rheological properties make them more appropriate for solar energy systems. In this review paper, an overview of solar energy systems is represented, and afterwards, applications of hybrid nanofluids in various solar technologies, especially solar thermal, are reviewed. Comparison between the nanofluidic systems, and the conventional ones is performed in order to gain a deeper insight into the advantages of using nanofluids. According to the results of the reviewed studies, the most important reason for performance enhancement of nanofluidic solar... 

Urmia Lake River Basin (ULRB) is one of the most important habitats in the world and one of the major agricultural regions in Iran. On average, the ratio of irrigation to evapotranspiration in this basin is more than 73%. Investigating the irrigation water requirement pattern changes and the spatial distribution of evapotranspiration during the basin development period on a regional scale play important roles in understanding the basin situation. In this study, the actual evapotranspiration has been estimated by SEBAL model. By estimating the precipitation distribution in the basin, the agricultural irrigation water requirement pattern has been calculated using the land use map in 1995, 2010... 

A method is developed for in situ generation of 1,3-dioxan-5-one derivatives 2. These compounds are simple precursors for accessing carbohydrate structures and previously had to be produced via stepwise procedures using excessive amounts of reagents. In the present work, three different derivatives of 2 were synthesized via the reaction of trialkoxyalkanes with dihydroxyacetone dimer 1 in the presence of acetic acid as the catalyst. In the same pot, derivatives of 2 were reacted with aromatic aldehydes and 30 mol% of pyrrolidine to obtain high yields of the respective bischalcones 3 within short time periods. © 2019 M. Javad Poursharifi et al., published by De Gruyter 2019