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Magnetic flux leakage technique is used extensively to detect and characterize defects in natural gas and oil transmission pipelines. The amount of magnetic flux introduced into the test sample is an important factor in the resolution of flaw detection. It depends on the power of permanent magnets and the geometrical design of the magnetic yoke. Finite element method (FEM) is the most widely used method of analyzing magnetic yoke due to its power, accuracy and straightforwardness. On the other hand its calculations are so complicated and time consuming, and every single modification in the parameters of the problem requires a new run. In this paper, we present an innovative method to... 

Introduction. Dental caries is the most common cause of tooth loss. However, it can be stopped by enhancing remineralization. Fluoride and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) are among the most important remineralizing agents. Recent studies have used bioactive glass as a remineralizing agent in different forms. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a composite paste (prepared by mixing urethane polypropylene glycol oligomer with bioactive glass powder for easier application). Materials and Methods. Enamel disks were cut out of the buccal surface of extracted sound third molars. The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 and underwent Vickers...