Sharif Digital Repository

In modern power systems, technical virtual power plants (TVPPs) play an important role enabling presence of distributed energy resources (DERs) in electricity markets. In this paper, strategy of using the available energy resources for a TVPP is put under investigation. A new optimization framework is presented for problem of TVPP energy scheduling by taking operational constraints of distribution network into account. In the proposed model, photovoltaic (PV) units and micro turbines along with the electric vehicles (EVs) are scheduled in such a way that the profit of TVPP owner would be maximized. The uncertainty in output generation of PV units is modeled by adopting fuzzy c-means (FCM)... 

Regarding the potentials of activating commercial consumers in demand response programs, this paper proposes a new framework for energy scheduling of an active distribution network based on the concept of technical virtual power plant (TVPP), considering operational constraints of distribution network. The TVPP enables presence of commercial buildings and other distributed energy resources in day-ahead (DA) electricity market, as a price maker agent. In this regard, a bilevel optimization framework is designed to optimize the bidding strategy of TVPP in the DA market with the main goal of maximizing TVPP profit. The upper-level problem maximizes the TVPP profit, while in the lower level,... 

Technical virtual power plant (TVPP) plays an important role in modern power systems by coordinating distributed energy resources (DERs) to participate in wholesale electricity market. This paper presents a framework for TVPP's energy management in an active distribution system with diverse uncertain DERs. The TVPP participates in wholesale day-ahead (DA) market and schedules DERs in order to maximize its profit, while considers actual locations of DERs in the network and takes network operational constraints into account. Many diverse DERs including DGs, renewable energy sources (RESs), and several load sectors comprising EVs, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and... 

Virtual power plant (VPP) aggregates the capacity of diverse distributed energy resources (DERs) dispersed around the network and creates an individual operating portfolio from the composition of DERs characteristics. VPP can schedule the DERs to provide energy and different types of reserve services in order to trade in wholesale electricity markets or provide network services. In this chapter, an optimization model of VPP to provide energy and reserve is addressed. In this regard, diverse DERs’ energy and reserve models are mentioned and optimization models of VPP to aggregate DERs in order to provide energy and reserve and make profit in wholesale markets are regarded. Furthermore, a... 

Virtual power plant (VPP) aggregates the capacity of diverse distributed energy resources (DERs) dispersed around the network and creates an individual operating portfolio from the composition of DERs characteristics. VPP can schedule the DERs to provide energy and different types of reserve services in order to trade in wholesale electricity markets or provide network services. In this chapter, an optimization model of VPP to provide energy and reserve is addressed. In this regard, diverse DERs' energy and reserve models are mentioned and optimization models of VPP to aggregate DERs in order to provide energy and reserve and make profit in wholesale markets are regarded. Furthermore, a... 

Technical virtual power plant (TVPP) aggregates distributed energy resources in order to trade in wholesale electricity market while taking operational constraints of network into account and offering services to distribution system operator. This article presents a new framework to incorporate the reliability of distribution network into designing the optimal bidding strategy of a TVPP in day-ahead energy market. In the proposed framework, the TVPP determines the multisteps biddings as pairs of power and price aiming at maximizing its profit in market while minimizing the outage costs due to contingency occurrences. The model is formulated as a bilevel optimization problem in which the... 

Technical virtual power plant (TVPP) aggregates distributed energy resources in order to trade in wholesale electricity market while taking operational constraints of network into account and offering services to distribution system operator. This article presents a new framework to incorporate the reliability of distribution network into designing the optimal bidding strategy of a TVPP in day-ahead energy market. In the proposed framework, the TVPP determines the multisteps biddings as pairs of power and price aiming at maximizing its profit in market while minimizing the outage costs due to contingency occurrences. The model is formulated as a bilevel optimization problem in which the...