Sharif Digital Repository

In the urban railway transportation system, large amount of power is consumed for starting the movement and acceleration. A great part of this energy is transformed to the train kinetic energy which in the case of break is reduced to zero. Thus recovering of train kinetic energy during the brake can help to reduce train energy consumption. One of the possible ways is using energy storage during the brake and using it again during acceleration. Storage can be performed in three kinds, fixed, mobile and hybrid. In this thesis, super capacitors have been investigated as fixed and mobile storages. After reviewing electrical railway transportation systems, elements of these systems have been... 

Examples from recent years, such as Covid-19 disease and earthquakes, show that disasters can have devastating effects on a community.These disasters are divided into two categories: expected and unexpected. decision makers cannot easily determine the time, severity and effects of them. Therefore, they must coordinate their decisions in the pre-disaster and post-disaster stages according to the incomplete information available, and according to the dynamics of the situation, quickly understand and interpret the connections between different decisions. Among the various approaches, the decision support system can explore the variable and unpredictable nature of such issues and enable decision... 

In this study, membrane distillation process was used for treatment of high salinity waters. The focus of this study is to simulate and build a setup of membrane distillation process. Since the membrane distillation process is based on the driving force of the temperature difference, the required temperature is provided by both the use of heaters and the use of solar energy. To increase the feed temperature by solar energy, a black polymer coating on the main membrane is used. The main membrane used in this process is PVDF polymer and the polymer coated on the surface is the PAN polymer. After simulating and constructing the laboratory setup, the influence of a variety of parameters on the... 

FGM sheets with component or grain size gradient in their thickness direction provide mechanical and physical gradient properties through ND direction. FGMs are fabricated by various methods including centrifugal casting, powder metallurgy, PVD and CVD,all of which suffer from some shortcomings such as porosity of the products, low rate and high cost of production and restrictions on mass production. In this study, 2 and 4 layered Al matrix FGM sheets containing SiC and Al2O3 powders were fabricated by laminating method of Accumulative Roll Bonding(ARB). Two approaches of stacking were chosen as accumulative coupled roll bonding (ACRB) and (ASRB) for initial roll bonding and subsequent... 

Metal matrix composites (MMC) and metal foams (MF) have been the topic of numerous researches during the last decades. The appropriate mechanical and physical properties of these materials make them useful in various industries. In this research, a unique approach is introduced for producing MMCs and MFs in which accumulative roll bonding (ARB) is employed in order to achieve a homogeneous distribution of ceramic particles in the metal matrix. Also, foamed structures can be made by subjecting Al/TiH2 composite to an appropriate annealing heat treatment where TiH2 particles decompose to hydrogen and titanium. In this work, the effect of number of ARB cycles on the size and distribution of... 

This project examines four alternatives such as pipelines, oil injection wells, LNG & GTL in the purpose of Iran gas utilization. In this Project four strategies using cost/benefit analysis are examined. For this purpose, at first the cost of inlet feed gas per Mmbtu are calculated. Then regarding various scenarios of average world gas prices for the following thirty years, the cost & benefit of any way will be counted. Then with the use of energy security, the project will make energy policy. For this purpose, Shannon indicator will be used as one of the most reliable indicators. Due to the of use this indicator, the popular project will be chosen accordingly as a certain amount of gas the... 

Climate change and energy security are key drivers for future energy policy. While energy security has been a pillar of energy policy for about a century, concern about climate change is more recent and is bound to radically change the landscape of energy policy. Policy makers are now under increasing pressure to address these twin challenges: to develop cost-effective policies that will both ensure the security of our energy system and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Main Effort in this Project is to construct an integrated model of Iran’s energy system to serve as a policy analysis tool, by which policymakers are able to identify the future effects of a wide range of policies in... 

Dependence of some magnetic properties such as core loss and permeability on temper rolling was studied in this thesis. It is shown that with a proper temper rolling sharper textures are obtained in the electrical steel and the magnetic properties in the longitudinal and traverse directions are improved. By texture analysis, it is shown that because of temper rolling, shear strain on the surface of the sheet is the main factor for abnormal grain growth and shear texture formation on the surface. The result of formation of this texture is enhancement of the {100} intensity and reduction of the {111} intensity, leading to the improvement of the permeability. Temper rolling is always... 

Based on International Energy Agency studies, achievement of 450 ppm CO2-equivalent emission target in global emission means that the CO2 emissions in 2050 must be reduced to %50 of 2005 level, and this implies that a portfolio of emission reduction policies and strategies need to be exploited through current century.
At the present time, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Technology is a dominant strategy among all the long-term carbon abatement strategies in many countries. Nevertheless, its potential as a climate mitigating option will be proved, only if it is implemented in the countries which are developing at a great pace and taking advantage of fossil fuels in order to afford their... 

Lipid membranes are fundamental constituents of cell membranes and are now used in lap-on-a-chip technology. Membranes in living cells contain a significant fraction of proteins, which undergo lateral random movements due to thermal fluctuations and shear forces imposed by the solvent fluid. Prominent natural and biotechnological systems where membranes are highly sheared include the plasma membrane of endothelial cells, and membranes used in biosensors for high throughput screening of drug candidates, and in water purification devices. In these systems membrane is in direct contact with the mainstream suspension flow, which is driven by pressure gradients. The efficiency and function of... 

Splitting in ingot cast structures and transverse cracks in continuous cast structures are the main problems of hot rolling of low carbon resulfurized free-cutting (LCRF) steels. Presence of high volume fraction of manganese sulfide inclusions in cast structure increases the risk of alligatoring in hot rolling. Because of high sulfur content of these steels and probability of formation of low melting point phases, minimum level of manganese and maximum level of copper and tin is necessary. Morphology of manganese sulfide is another important factor in hot forming of these steels, which can be controlled by level of deoxidation in steel making. In fact, MnS2 is present in fully killed... 

Particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites have considerable attraction in automotive and aerospace industries due to their special properties as light weight, high ratio of strength/density, improved elastic modulus, low coefficient of thermal expansion and high wear and corrosion resistance. Among the production processes of metal matrix composites, accumulative roll bonding process has particular importance due to producing ultrafine grained composite sheets. However, uncontrolled and undesired agglomeration of particles is the main problem in producing these composites. In this research, the Al2O3 and SiC nanoparticles were electrostatically stabilized against agglomeration by... 

In this project a model for the analysis and assessment of gas transit in the Caspian Sea and its effects on the desired benefits of the approach of decision-making, has been developed.
The first comprehensive review of the supply and demand of gas in the world and the countries of the Caspian region and the cast has been affecting world energy developments.After a comprehensive analysis of the status of the gas transit routes from the Caspian region and provided. Then, using the Delphi method and elite views the main criteria related to gas transit and affecting the interests of the countries of the Caspian region to determine the detailed criteria for each main criterion was determined... 

Distributed generation (DG) and its utilization have some benefits and risks for its owner and power network. From owner perspective, benefits of DG include selling energy, reducing costs related to fuel, and other economic benefits. However, there are some risk factors for the owner including risk of supplying fuel, risk of selling generated power, and other risk factors related to establishment of the DG unit. Utilizing risk-reduction tools such as signing agreements for selling power, purchasing fuel, and related economic tools are necessary for risk management of the owners of DG units. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the economic situation of the DG units and optimize the... 

Cloud computing offers its customers and organizations many advantages such as turning CAPEX to OPEX in the business side, and enabling scalability and fast and easy resource provisioning in the technical side. Using these features, companies can benefit from deployment in the cloud at a lower cost, and at the same time, focus more on their business. Therefore, many organizations are migrating their vital systems to the cloud because of its many benefits. Research on this topic has been started a few years ago, and since then, many approaches including architecture-based, model-driven, and SOA-based approaches have been proposed. Some of these solutions are just adaptations of the... 

In software programs, most of the time, there is a chance of error, even though they are tested carefully. Finding error-related pieces of code is one of the most complicated tasks and it can make incorrect results if done manually. Semi-automated and fully-automated methods have been introduced to overcome this issue. The rapid growth of developing smart mobile applications (SMAs) in recent years, competition among the development teams and many other factors have increased the chance of errors and hence, the quality of these applications have reduced. There are two approaches to test SMAs in order to reach a high degree of quality: (1) using existing traditional methods and adapting them... 

Aeroelasticity analysis and prediction of wind turbines sturcture deformations are fundamental parts in their design. Increasing the size of wind turbine blades and development of Mega-watt sized wind turbines have enhanced the importance of these studies. In this study, the aeroelasticity analysis of a wind turbine blade has been done based on flexible multibody dynamics method. For this purpose, the modal approach has been used for modeling blade structure which has been considered as a flexible beam with bending and torsion degrees of freedom. The unsteady vortex lattice method has been used to calculate aerodynamic loads in order to combine with wind turbine blade structure model. Using... 

New materials as hybrid materials or laminate composites, due to combination of many properties, can be used in many industries. The aim of this research is bonding of three-layered St/AZ31/St composite by roll-bonding process. The roll-bonding process was performed at three preheating temperatures, 340, 400 and 450 ⁰C, with thickness reduction of 30 to 68% and different thicknesses of intermediate layer (AZ31). In order to improve the bonding strength, the as-rolled specimens were annealed at constant temperature of 375 ⁰C. For evaluation of bond strength and investigating the formation of a diffusion layer, the results of peel test and microscopic images were studied. Tensile specimens... 

During software evolution and maintenance, developers deal with various challenges, such as locating features, fixing bugs, and adding new features. One of the first steps to perform most of the software maintenance activities, such as updating features or fixing bugs, is to have a relatively good understanding of the program’s source code which is often written by other developers. A code summary is a description about a program’s entities (e.g., its methods) which helps developers have a better comprehension of the code in a shorter period of time. However, generating code summaries can be a challenging task. To mitigate this problem, in this thesis, we introduce CrowdSummarizer, a code... 

Due to increased mortality from Coronary Heart Disease, it is important to work on ways to treat this disease. An effective method of treatment on this disease is the coronary stent implantation. There are nearly two decades passed since implanting the first heart stent. The main objective of this research is design and manufacturing of the medical stents of stainless steel 316 L. Stent materials should have excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Various materials such as stainless steel 316 L, platinum alloys, niobium alloys, cobalt alloys are used for manufacturing the stents. In this project, at the first stage seam tube was prodected with laser welding of a tube with...