Sharif Digital Repository

An optimal preview control of a vehicle suspension system traveling on a rough road is studied. A three-dimensional seven degree-of-freedom car-riding model and several descriptions of the road surface roughness heights, including haversine (hole/bump) and stochastic filtered white noise models, are used in the analysis. It is assumed that contact-less sensors affixed to the vehicle front bumper measure the road surface height at some distances in the front of the car. The suspension systems are optimized with respect to ride comfort and road holding preferences including accelerations of the sprung mass, tire deflection, suspension rattle space and control force. The performance and power... 

Stochastic optimal control of a vehicle suspension on a random road is studied. The road roughness height is modelled as a filtered white noise stochastic process and a four-degree-of-freedom half-car model is used in the analysis. It is assumed that a sensor is mounted in the front bumper that measures the road irregularity at some distances in the front of the vehicle. Two other sensors also measure relative velocities of the vehicle body with respect to the unsprung masses in the vehicle suspension spaces. All measurements are assumed to be conducted in a noisy environment. The state variables of the vehicle system are estimated using a method similar to the Kalman filter. The suspension... 

In this paper, an approach to the synthesis of optimal preview control laws for active vehicle suspension has been studied. A basic three-dimensional, seven-degree of freedom car riding model, subjected to two road inputs, is considered. To obtain an enhanced control scheme, the input senses and measures road irregularities, using the contactless sensors fixed on the vehicle front bumper. The suspension systems are optimized, with respect to ride comfort, road holding and suspension rattle space. The performance of active, active and delay and active and preview, are compared with a passive system by numerical simulation in the time domain. The results show that optimal preview control... 

The insect circulatory system contains an open hemocoel, in which the mechanism of hemolymph flow control is ambiguous. As a continuous fluidic structure, this cavity should exhibit pressure changes that propagate quickly. Narrow-waisted insects create sustained pressure differences across segments, but their constricted waist provides an evident mechanism for compartmentalization. Insects with no obvious constrictions between segments may be capable of functionally compartmentalizing the body, which could explain complex hemolymph flows. Here, we test the hypothesis of functional compartmentalization by measuring pressures in a beetle and recording abdominal movements. We found that the... 

This paper presents an investigation of the effects of tool rake angle and nose radius on the surface quality of ultraprecision diamond-turned porous silicon. The results showed that as rake angle decreases, the high-stress field induced by the tool edge increases, causing microcracks to propagate extensively near the pore walls. As a result, the ductile-machined areas shrank under a negative tool rake angle. On the other hand, brittle fracture occurred around pores released cutting pressure significantly. These trends of rake angle effects are distinctly different from those in the cutting of non-porous silicon. Finite element simulation of stress in the cutting area agreed with the... 

This paper presents an investigation of the effects of tool rake angle and nose radius on the surface quality of ultraprecision diamond-turned porous silicon. The results showed that as rake angle decreases, the high-stress field induced by the tool edge increases, causing microcracks to propagate extensively near the pore walls. As a result, the ductile-machined areas shrank under a negative tool rake angle. On the other hand, brittle fracture occurred around pores released cutting pressure significantly. These trends of rake angle effects are distinctly different from those in the cutting of non-porous silicon. Finite element simulation of stress in the cutting area agreed with the... 

I present an in-depth review of the trends and the directions taken by researchers worldwide in optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) systems. I highlight those trends and features that I believe are essential to the successful introduction of various OCDMA techniques in communication systems and data networks in the near future. In particular I begin by giving a comprehensive review of the construction of optical orthogonal codes (OOCs). Specifically I discuss the recently developed algorithms that are based on matrix algebra, which simplify and enhance the efficiencies of algorithms in OOC generation. In communication systems studies I first focus on and discuss various OCDMA... 

In this paper, we analyze the worst-case delay performance of a network of fair queuing servers in case of multiple-paths between source-destination pairs. In order to develop worst-case delay analysis for the multiple-path scenario, two challenging events should be addressed: merging different sub-streams of a session as well as distributing a traffic stream among different paths (traffic partitioning). Specifically, we propose to merge incoming sub-streams of a session to a node according to a limited rate Fair Queuing (FQ) scheme. Although the merged stream is treated as a unity, this approach results in a guaranteed level of service to each sub-stream. In addition, an algorithm is... 

In [1], [2] it is shown that the minimum broadcast rate of a linear index code over a finite field Fq is equal to an algebraic invariant of the underlying digraph, called minrankq. In [3], it is proved that for F2 and any positive integer k, minrankq(G) ≤ k if and only if there exists a homomorphism from the complement of the graph G to the complement of a particular undirected graph family called 'graph family {Gk}'. As observed in [2], by combining these two results one can relate the linear index coding problem of undirected graphs to the graph homomorphism problem. In [4], a direct connection between linear index coding problem and graph homomorphism problem is introduced. In contrast to... 

The mechanical properties of Mg-4wt.% Zn alloy single crystals along the [0001] orientation were measured through micropillar compression at 23 °C and 100 °C. Basal slip was dominant in the solution treated alloy, while pyramidal slip occurred in the precipitation hardened alloy. Pyramidal dislocations pass the precipitates by forming Orowan loops, leading to homogeneous deformation and to a strong hardening. The predictions of the yield stress based on the Orowan model were in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. The presence of rod-shape precipitates perpendicular to the basal plane leads to a strong reduction in the plastic anisotropy of Mg. © 2020 Elsevier B.V  

The mechanical properties of Mg-4wt.% Zn alloy single crystals along the [0001] orientation were measured through micropillar compression at 23 °C and 100 °C. Basal slip was dominant in the solution treated alloy, while pyramidal slip occurred in the precipitation hardened alloy. Pyramidal dislocations pass the precipitates by forming Orowan loops, leading to homogeneous deformation and to a strong hardening. The predictions of the yield stress based on the Orowan model were in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. The presence of rod-shape precipitates perpendicular to the basal plane leads to a strong reduction in the plastic anisotropy of Mg. © 2020 Elsevier B.V  

This research explored the influences of shielding gases on the appearance of weld beads and the microstructures and mechanical properties of thin-wall samples using conventional gas metal arc welding as the heat source by using 5356 aluminium alloy welding wire as the raw materials and nitrogen (N2) and argon (Ar) as the shielding gases. The results showed that under the same parameters and after mono-layer single-bead welding was performed using N2 as the shielding gas, the bead height was higher, the bead width was narrower, and the penetration depth was shallower. The grain size of the thin-wall sample protected by N2 was 43.5–47.8 % smaller than that obtained under Ar protection.... 

In this work the effects of backwash pressure, duration of acid and sodium hydroxide backwashing, sodium hydroxide concentration, and the duration of forward washing on performance of permeate flux recovery (PFR) were investigated. A two-level fractional factorial design (FFD) was used to design the experiments. The ability of back propagation neural network (BPNN) and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) in predicting the performance of cleaning-in-place (CIP) of hydrophilic polyethersulfone (PES) membrane were investigated. It is found that BPNN has better ability in predicting the PFR performance than RBFNN. The best architecture of BPNN was a network consisting of 1 hidden layer... 

Employing a proper pulse shaper in the conventional split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test helps to achieve dynamic equilibrium condition and to fulfill a constant strain rate condition in the test specimen. To this end, the parameters affecting the incident pulse shape, i.e., pulse shaper thickness, pulse shaper diameter, striker bar length and striker bar velocity are experimentally studied. Moreover, simulation results, validated by experimental data together with wave propagation analysis, are exploited to provide general guidelines to properly design a pulse shaper. It is recommended to use a relatively large diameter pulse shaper for testing work-hardening materials. Also, for... 

In this paper, we describe a carbon dioxide mineralization process and its associated solid products. These solid products include amorphous silica, iron hydroxides and magnesium carbonates. These products were subjected to various characterization tests, and the results are published here. It was found that the iron hydroxides from this process can have different crystalline properties, and their formation depended very much on the pH of the reaction conditions. Different forms of magnesium carbonate were also obtained, and the type of carbonate precipitated was found to be dependent on the carbonation temperature. Hydromagnesite was obtained mainly at low temperatures, while dypingite was... 

Distant, dusty and extremely luminous galaxies form a key component of the high redshift universe, tracing the period of intense cosmic activity that ultimately gave rise to the present-day universe. These highly luminous galaxies, first detected in the ground-based submillimeter region, are however optically very faint, which hampers identification of the optical counterpart and the measurement of a redshift. We are developing a new direct-detection submm spectrograph DESHIMA. By taking advantage of the rapidly advancing technology of superconducting microresonators, DESHIMA will revolutionize the appearance and capabilities of a submm spectrograph. There will no longer be large grating... 

Quasi-ultrafine (quasi-UF) particulate matter (PM0.25) and its components were measured in indoor and outdoor environments at four retirement communities in Los Angeles Basin, California, as part of the Cardiovascular Health and Air Pollution Study (CHAPS). The present paper focuses on the characterization of the sources, organic constituents and indoor and outdoor relationships of quasi-UF PM. The average indoor/outdoor ratios of most of the measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes, and steranes were close to or slightly lower than 1, and the corresponding indoor-outdoor correlation coefficients (R) were always positive and, for the most part, moderately strong (median R... 

In analysing the structural organization of a social network, identifying important nodes has been a fundamental problem. The concept of network centrality deals with the assessment of the relative importance of a particular node within the network. Most of the traditional network centrality definitions have a high computational cost and require full knowledge of network topological structure. On the one hand, in many applications we are only interested in detecting the top-k central nodes of the network with the largest values considering a specific centrality metric. On the other hand, it is not feasible to efficiently identify central nodes in a large real-world social network via... 

A simple and effective procedure is proposed for spectrophotometric determination of catecholamines; Dopamine (1), L-Dopa (2) and Adrenaline (3). It was found that the reduction of Ag+ to silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by these catecholamines in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizing agent produced very intense surface plasmon resonance peak of Ag-NPs. The plasmon absorbance of the Ag-NPs allows the quantitative spectrophotometric detection of the catecholamines. The calibration curves derived from the changes in absorbance at λ = 440 nm were linear with concentration of Dopamine, Levodopa and Adrenaline in the range of 3.2×10-6- 2.0x10-5 M, 1.6x10-7 - 1.0×10-5 M,... 

Let G be a graph on n vertices with r := [n/2] and let γ 1 ≥ · · · ≥ γ n be adjacency eigenvalues of G. Then the Ḧuckel energy of G, HE(G), is defined as [Equation presented] The concept of Hückel energy was introduced by Coulson as it gives a good approximation for the π-electron energy of molecular graphs. We obtain two upper bounds and a lower bound for HE(G). When n is even, it is shown that equality holds in both upper bounds if and only if G is a strongly regular graph with parameters (n, k, γ, μ) = (4t2 + 4t + 2, 2t2 + 3t + 1, t2 + 2t, t2 + 2t + 1), for positive integer t. Furthermore, we will give an infinite family of these strongly regular graph whose construction was communicated...