Sharif Digital Repository

Recent growth in wireless communications leads to higher demand for smaller and cheaper wireless products. This increasing demand for high speed wireless products and therefore development of new modulation techniques, results in higher sensitivity to phase deviations. This means that the voltage controlled oscillator or VCO circuit must has lower phase noise. VCO is an important part in Phase Lock Loop or PLL that has been used in most of transceivers. This thesis focuses on design of a Programmable VCO for DVB-H Application in 0.18um TSMC process. A VCO is an oscillator designed to be controlled in oscillation frequency by a voltage input. The frequency of oscillation is varied by the... 

Power amplifiers are used as the last block of transmitters. This block can be categorized as the one of most important part in communication systems. However, in transmitter systems which require high power to create stable link with the receivers, fabrication process like CMOS are unable to provide such level of power. Thus, designers employ another group of integrated circuits which names MMIC that offers this capability to designers. MMIC is the abbreviation of Microwave Integrated Circuit which is implemented in compound substrates like GaAs. Monolithic microwave integrated circuits enable the implementation of amplifiers in small size, large number, with high precision and appropriate... 

Todays the use of microwave integrated circuits for military and commercial applications has gained much attention, especially with the advent of monolithic microwave integrated circuits, which provide the possibility of fabrication of amplifiers in large number, sufficient accuracy an affordable price.GaAs pHEMT process, because of good characteristics for noise and power in high frequencies, is a good choice for microwave and millimeter wave integrated circuits. A low noise amplifier is a key block in the receiver and, its noise figure and gain directly affects the sensitivity and dynamic range of the receiver. Hence, a low noise amplifier with low NF, high gain, good return loss, low... 

In recenet years the use of microwave integrated circuits for military and commercial applications has gained much more attention. The advent of monolithic microwave integrated circuits, which provide the possibility of fabrication of amplifiers in large number, sufficient accuracy an affordable price has accelerated this process. Low noise amplifiers as the first blocks in the receiver modules are such circuits that are highly regarded in this field. This block is a key block in the receiver which its noise figure and gain directly affect the sensitivity and dynamic range of the receiver. As a result, a low noise amplifier with low noise figure, high gain, good return loss, low power... 

Advancement in the field of electronics can often be observed from the improvement in performance of active circuits and systems. The amplifier, because it is a highly versatile functional circuit, has always been one of the first to benefit from new developments. Of the many characteristic of an amplifier, perhaps the most notable are the gain and the frequency response. In many applications, both the gain and the bandwidth need to be optimized. One of the most significant structures which have proper gain and bandwidth, are distributed amplifiers. But these structures are nonsymmetrical and have many active loops. As a result, the stability analysis of distributed amplifier is quite... 

Today using of microwave integrated circuits in commercial and military applications is paid attention too much, especially with emerging of monolithic microwave integrated circuits that prepares for us producing of amplifier with mass production, enough accuracy and proper cost. Power amplifiers that used in the end of transmitter path are paid attention in this field. However,in transmitter systems which require high power to create stable link with the receivers, fabrication process like CMOS are unable to provide such level of power. Thus, designers employ another group of integrated circuits which names MMIC that offers this capability to designers.MMIC is the abbreviation of Microwave... 

Nowadays, application of microwave integrated circuits in commerce and humanitarian military measures plays an important role. When integrated microwave circuits emerged, the dream of producing high quality and low cost amplifiers and mass productionhas been fulfilled. Power amplifiers which are the last block in a communication systemare one of the most important circuits in this field.
Since driver amplifiers are interstage between high and low power sections of a system, should have good specificationsfor both small and large signal analysis. Thus, designing such a circuit can be very challenging. In order to get the desired bandwidth, high-order filters are used as interstage... 

Nowadays, the need for ultra high speed devices in data transmission is much more of concern than a decade ago. High speed microprocessors and memories have made the data transmission the bottleneck of the increase of the overall speed of the systems. Fiber optics has gained especial popularity among all mediums for data transmission, due to their large band-width and low loss. Designing electronics devices which must be used with these ultra high bandwidth mediums is the main concern of the designers, as they should satisfy the low noise and high gain requirements of fiber optic communications. The goal in this M.Sc. project was designing and implementation of a low noise and high gain... 

Phased array systems which are used for sending and receiving electromagnetic signals in mandatory directions are widely used in today’s wireless communication, satellite communication, and radar systems. Phased array systems are composed of units called transmitter/ receiver (TR) modules. These units are connected to antennas in one end and to the combiner/divider at the other end and are playing a major role in determining the quality of phased arrays. Transmitter/Receiver units include a phase shifting circuit for controlling the phase and an attenuator circuit for amplitude control of the signal being sent or received, solid state switches and a number of amplifiers. The aim of this... 

Today, phased array antennas have important role in wireless communication systems. Utilizing optimum channel capacity, having better signal to noise ratio and, high data rate are the most important features of these systems. These systems are composed of several thousands of separated transceivers which provide possibility of directional electromagnetic radiation by changing the phase and the amplitude of the signal in each transceiver independently. So, the main components of such a system are amplifiers, phase shifters and, amplitude controllers. Also a high resolution phased array military radar system is another vital applications of these systems at frequency band of 9-10 GHz. The... 

In this thesis, a Ku-band (16.3-17.3) Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) for realizing a phase array T/R module is designed, implemented and measured in CMOS 0.18μm technology. In order to achieve a maximum gain of 15dB and NF of 4.3dB and with the idea of improving the 1-dB compression point, two gain-stages and a novel inter-stage is proposed according to pre-distortion method. Applying this linearizing technique, makes it possible to get output P-1dB higher than 18dBm. Current steering technique is used for gain control mechanism. Gain tunabality range of 31.5dB is needed and this forces 6-bit operation with 0.5dB gain-step for the VGA. Because of loading effect of higher bits on the lower... 

In this thesis, a new wide band variable gain distributed amplifier (VGDA) is presented. A novel approach to implement uniform gain control in the wide band frequency range of 8 – 18 GHz is demonstrated. A different technique has been employed to provide necessary DC bias current, avoiding large DC-Feed inductors. A five-section wideband VGDA has been designed and fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The VGDA have a flat gain of 11 dB, noise figure better than 5 dB, P1dB of 14 dBm at the output, input and output matching better than -12 dB and -14 dB, respectively, for maximum gain state over the 10 GHz UWB band. The gain control range is between 3 – 11 dB with gain steps of 0.5 dB and rms... 

In this project, a “Ku” band (16.3GHz-17.3GHz) 6-bit phase shifter for realizing a phase array T/R module is designed, implemented and measured in CMOS 0.18μm technology. Design specifications for this block were: RMS phase error should be less than 2.5 degree in bandwidth, better than 12dB loss and better than 16dBm input 1dB compression point. High-pass/low-pass filter structure is used to implement this phase shifter. In order to decrease phase shift error in process and temperature corners, a new structure for one of bits was introduced. This structure is less sensitive to process and temperature corners and furthermore it conSumes less area in layout, but it has more loss variation... 

In this thesis, a transceiver chip compliant to Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol has been designed and implemented in High Voltage BCD 0.18um Technology.This RX/TX chip contains a transmitter, normal and low power receivers.In the transmitter, CAN bus common-mode voltage is sampled with a voltage sampler circuit and compared with a reference voltage. Receiving a control signal, the transmitter slop control circuit varies the speed turning output transistors on and off in order to keep transmitter Electromagnetic Emission (EME) as low as possible. In the receiver, a new method for bus common mode voltage rejection is introduced. By using a V-I converter block and a current subtractor... 

Increasing demand for digital systems has led to developing signal processing in the digital domain. For this purpose, Analog to Digital Converters is used to convert analog signals to digital ones. Apart from that, by decreasing the size of transistors, it has been possible to implement the system on a chip that needs communication between analog and digital signals. The designed converter in this project is suitable for instrumentation purposes and especially for use in the control loop of a DC­DC digitally voltage converter. ADC architectures are mainly classified into two groups attributed with high bandwidth or with high resolution. Nature of on­chip measurement requires high... 

Today, phased array antennas play important role in wireless communication systems. Utilizing optimum channel capacity, having better signal to noise ratio and, high data rate are the most important features of these systems.These systems are composed of several thousands of separated transceivers which provide possibility of directional electromagnetic radiation by changing the phase and the amplitude of the signal in each transceiver independently. So, the main components of such a system are amplifiers, phase shifters and, amplitude controllers. Also a high resolution phased array military radar system is another vital application of these systems at frequency band of 33-36 GHz.The... 

Power amplifiers (PAs) are one of the key components in radio-frequency (RF) and microwave systems. In these systems, PAs must be highly efficient to simplify the thermal management and to enhance dc power requirements. Future systems, including WiMax, 4G, 5G, and beyond, will likely require larger bandwidths due to their wider spectral allocations caused by the extended bandwidth of baseband signals. Therefore, highly-efficient and broadband PAs are needed to be employed in these systems. To realize high-efficiencies over wide frequency ranges, class-J mode of operation was introduced by Cripps in 2009. Class-J mode of operation is capable of maintaining a high efficiency (78% in theory)... 

In this thesis, a power switch with a smart driver is designed. 4-ampere current can pass through the switch, and the driver is capable of switching the load with 50 kHz frequency. The smart driver consists of an internal oscillator, internal regulator, charge pump, current limit, a level shifter, overtemperature and over/under voltage circuit. All these circuits are designed and developed in high voltage BCD 0.18 um process and well discussed in the thesis. All four kinds of protections are designed and implemented; open load detection, short circuit detection, over temperature shut down, UV and OV detection. Charge pump idea is used instead of the bootstrap method, which makes it possible... 

In this thesis, we try to design and implement a low noise, low power consumption CMOS direct conversion mixer with LO-2LO topology. Direct conversion mixers have two differential I,Q outputs. Because of zero intermediate frequency, flicker noise is critical. This mixer is designed for UHF band in TSMC CMOS 0.18µm technology. Total current consumption of I,Q mixer is less than 3mA .Voltage conversion gain is about 23 dB and DSB noise figure is less than 3.5 dB. Some conventional thermal and flicker noise cancellation has been used simultaneously to reduce noise figure. New noise cancellation techniques are proposed to get further improvement in noise figure with negligible extra current... 

Power amplifiers are used as the last block of transmitters. This block can be categorized as the one of most important part in communication systems. However, in transmitter systems which require high power to create stable link with the receivers, fabrication process like CMOS are unable to provide such level of power. Thus, designers employ another group of integrated circuits which names MMIC that offers this capability to designers. In this thesis, design procedure of an amplifier in Ka frequency bands is studied. The power amplifier is fabricated in 0.1um GaAs pHEMT.The isolating backvia wall (IBVW) technique hasbeen proposed to improve gain and stability. Some other designtechniques...