Sharif Digital Repository

A four-step synthetic strategy was applied to achieve novel methacrylic monomers. 5-Norbornene-2,2-dimethanol was prepared from a Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene and acrolein, followed by the treatment of the adduct with an HCHO/ KOH/MeOH solution. The resulting 1,3-diol (1) was then acetalized with different aromatic aldehydes having OH groups on the ring to produce four spiroacetal derivatives. The reaction of methacryloyl chloride with the phenolic derivatives led to four new methacrylic monomers that were identified spectrochemically (mass, FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy). Free radical solution polymerization was used to prepare novel spiroacetal-norbornene containing... 

Under solvent free conditions between 40-50 °C, BF3.SiO 2, a mild solid acid catalyst, is applied to regio-chemo and stereoselective Claisen-Schmidt condensation. The procedure is very simple and the products are isolated with an easy workup in good to excellent yields  

In this study, quick route-coating is practiced to substitute methyl ammonium (MA) cation with formamidinium (FA) at different ratios. Through optimizing the MA:FA ratio, a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.31% is achieved for holes transporting material-free MA0.8FA0.2PbI3 mixed PSCs with the JSC of 19.02 mA/cm2, VOC of 0.859 V and FF of 50.88%. Then, to improve the performance, stability and carrier transport dynamic, various additives (PVA, PVP, PEG and EC) are incorporated into the perovskite layer. The treatment of perovskites with additives has proved to cause significant changes in the surface roughness, charge accumulation, charge transport, charge transport resistance,...