Sharif Digital Repository

The transportation and electricity industries are major emitters of greenhouse gases (GHGs). In order to reduce emissions, several strategies have been proposed, including plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) use and integration of renewable energy sources (RESs). To reduce the concern emission rate while considering economic constraints, it is important to examine different scenarios of incorporating these elements. To investigate the effectiveness of using PEVs and RES from various perspectives, this study utilizes a combined economic emission dispatch (CEED). The influence of emission and cost coefficients is examined in a sensitivity analysis. In the proposed model, two test cases containing... 

Since the classical continuum theory fails to deal with the problems associated with defects, stress concentrators, and relevant deformation phenomena in solids, alternative approaches that can detect the atomistic nature of materials' fracture are required. The deficiency of the capture the size effect which yields delusively high values for some components of the stress field right on the edge of the stress concentrators, and its weakness in describing the complex interaction between small inhomogeneities, cracks and the like when they are only a few nanometers apart, are among some of the disadvantages of the classical approach. In recent years, however, atomistic methods are emerging to... 

Aluminum Bronzes have many applications in marine environments. These alloys suffer from both hot cracking and cold cracking. In order to overcome the hot cracking and cold cracking, Semisolid Stir Joining method and a proper thermal cycle was used respectively. Effects of temperature, stirring rate, and tool type were investigated in Semisolid Stir joining method. In this method, butt joint design was used in order to place specimens, and the specimens were heated up to specific temperatures (920, 925, 930°C). A stirrer (Cylindrical and Grooved tool) with three rotational speeds (800, 1200, 1600 RPM) was introduced into the stir weld seam. Welded specimens were cooled to the 900°C... 

The low female labor force participation rate in the Iranian labor market relative to the global average and even to countries that do not differ significantly from the socio-economic characteristics of our country is one of the important questions of the Iranian labor market. In this study, we seek to answer the question of whether the economic participation rate of married women will increase if the gender gaps in wages, job findings and job losses among women and men are eliminated in the Iranian labor market. To answer this question using household expenditure and income data and labor force data, we show that between the two categories of occupations, in terms of the share of women's... 

Shot peening is a cold-working process commonly used in industry to improve the fatigue performance, stress corrosion resistance and surface nano-crystallization of metallic parts. This process extends fatigue life via two mechanisms: Preventing the crack growth due to compressive residual stresses and, preventing the crack initiation because of increased material hardness. These mechanisms are the results of the bombardment of the component's surface with small spherical particles. In this research, an analytical model is developed for estimating the residual stress distribution induced by shot peening process. The modifications of the developed analytical model are related to... 

Solid-State Drives (SSDs) provide high performance, low power consumption, and hence are widely used in the I/O cache of enterprise storage systems and high performance servers. Although employing high performance SSDs in the I/O cache of storage systems significantly improves system performance, it comes with significant reliability threats for write operations upon power failures. In order to provide high level of reliability, storage architectures employ SSDs in I/O cache with RAID-1 configuration, however, such configuration only partially mitigates the reliability issues of the SSDs. In this thesis, we analyze the reliability of SSD-based I/O caches against power outage and high... 

An optimal trajectory for flight through Microburst wind shears is designed which minimizes the maximum deviation from desired trajectory With respect to optimal control methods. The suitable performance of airplane retrieval in abort landing and landing phases at microburst encounter is achieved by influence of mentioned design in worse case of wind fluctuation and variation. 3D Vicroy microburst model is selected to investigate its effects on 6 DOF jet engine aircraft EOMs. Above optimal control problem is solved using gradient method of SD . Furthermore, sensitivity of optimal trajectory to lateral and longitudinal location of microburst, microburst parameters, throttle setting and... 

Network design problem (NDP) is an important problem in transportation planning, in which transit network design is one the most important problems. Public transportation means, however, can not meet urban mobility needs in the developing countries satisfactorily. Bus services are usually unsuitable, insufficient, and unreliable. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, is an emerging public transport alternative designed to provide appropriate, low cost, and effective services, and improve mobility in both developed and developing countries. To design public transportation systems, existing constraints such as resources and budget have to be considered to serve estimated demand properly. Bus Rapid... 

Power Quality can be simply defined as the quality of voltage at electrical loads. Detection and classification of voltage and current disturbances is of high importance in power system protection and monitoring. This procedure cannot be implemented by operators because of the high volume of the data which must be processed. So, it is needed to automate this procedure. Systems designed for this purpose usually contain three main parts: feature generation, feature selection and classifier design. The algorithms used for feature generation for power quality disturbances are mainly based on discrete Fourier transformation or discrete wavelet transformation. These approaches have shown some... 

Language model is one of the most important parsts of an automated speech recognition system whiche incorporates the knowledge of Natural Language to the system to improve its accuracy. Conventionally used language model in recognition systems is ngram which usually is extracted from a large corpus using related frequency method. ngram model approximates the probability of a word sequence by multiplying its ngram probabilities and thus does not take into account the long distance dependencies. So, syntactic language models could be of interest. In this research after probing different syntactic language models, a mehtod for re-estimating ngram model, introduced by Stolcke in 1994, was... 

A method of joining dissimilar metals in the semi solid state is presented. By this method bonding of Stainless steel and semisolid aluminum alloy took place in this research. By usage of thermomechanical treatment, dendritic microstructure of cast aluminum alloy changed to globular structure. The experimental process of bonding occurred at semisolid temperature stage of aluminum alloy in a predesigned mold by using a pressure equipment. The relationship between interfacial shear strength and solid fraction of aluminum alloy, bonding pressure and time of keeping pressure were studied by method of orthogonal experiment. By the usage of Taguchi method in designing experiments, plurality of... 

Outer space mission design utilizing restricted four-body model for spacecrafts equipped with impulsive engines is investigated. Applied researches in the field of space mission design are typically based on two-body models and in some more advanced cases involve application of the restricted three-body models. As the general solution of the two-body problem is known (conic sections), the transfer trajectories are generally designed using simple Hohmann transfers. But, when considering three-body problem, there is no closed-form solution and low-energy transfer trajectories are designed through the use of stable/unstable manifolds of the corresponding halo orbits. In this way, some... 

Cosmology is a knowledge that deals with the matter of creation of the world, its current structure and its end. This scientific field that was a subject discussed by the scientific, philosophical and religious groups has nowadays taken the attention of many scientists and researchers. The philosophers of science, also, are not exemptions from theses groups and cosmology, as a topic common between philosophy and science, is one of the points that are under discussion in the field of philosophy of science. On the other hand, the religions, also, have noticed this issue. Koran that is the most complete divine book sent from God, has taken account of the creation and the Creator as the axis of...