Sharif Digital Repository

This paper empirically examines the hydrodynamic performances of squat submarines under the resistance and wave tests beside numerical investigation of pressure drag reduction techniques. Despite vast information about the operation of the streamlined fluid vessels, there is not much information about the geometries and hydrodynamic behaviors of squat vessels with L/D ratios below four. This study experimentally investigates the impacts of various relative depths and flow inclinations, intending to find drag, heave, and sway forces at the velocities of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5-m/s. A one-tenth scaled model of a squat submarine is examined under the resistance and wave train scenarios as... 

This article experimentally investigates the hydrodynamic interaction of a squat submarine operating behind a ship in various wave and resistance tests. A 0.625 m long (one-tenth scale) captive model of a squat submarine is constructed along with a 1.5 m Fridsma ship to perform 47 unique experiments in a 4 × 6 × 400 m3 tank located in a towing tank center. The submarine is a new midget-submersible, of Apam-Napat SMSD type, with an L/D ratio below four. Wave and resistance tests are performed for various 2D relative lengths and depths at short-distance conditions. A wave of 0.1 m height and 1.5 m wavelength is used in the wave tests, and different operational velocities of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5... 

This research investigates the short-distance hydrodynamic interaction of a squat submarine towed by a marine vessel. A one-tenth scaled captive model of a 0.625-m squat submarine is constructed along with a 1.5-m Fridsma ship to perform 69 unique experiments in a 4 × 6 × 400-m3 water tank located in a towing tank center. The submarine model is a new mini-submersible, Apam-Napat SMSD type, with an L/D ratio below four. The cable is specified, regarding its weight per unit length, using a scaling method introduced in this paper. The submarine-cable-ship system is tested for nine various relative lengths and depths at short-distance conditions. In each case, drag and heave forces are recorded... 

In the present study, the hybrid reinforcements (Fe3O4–SiC) novel composite has been successfully fabricated by powder metallurgy method. Adding Fe3O4 nanoparticles and SiC hybrid reinforcements in the aluminium matrix, improved the magnetic permeability of aluminium matrix composites as well as, thermal properties without mechanical degradation. In this study, the aim was to define the influence of SiC–Fe3O4 nanoparticles on microstructural, thermal, electrical, and magnetic properties of the composite. Based on obtained results, the highest density and hardness is 2.72 g/cm3 and 93 HV respectively. Adding (10–30 wt% SiC) into Al–15Fe3O4 slightly improved the magnetic saturation from... 

In this study, a set of constitutive equation corrected for deformation heating is proposed for a near equiatomic NiTi shape memory alloy using isothermal hot compression tests in temperature range of 700 to 1000 °C and strain rate of 0.001 to 1 s -1. In order to determine the temperature rise due to deformation heating, Abaqus simulation was employed and varied thermal properties were considered in the simulation. The results of hot compression tests showed that at low pre-set temperatures and high strain rates the flow curves exhibit a softening, while after correction of deformation heating the softening is vanished. Using the corrected flow curves, the power-law constitutive equation of... 

Electrochemical anodization is a cost-effective surface modification method that has been used in recent years not only for creating protective layers but also for the fabrication of porosity in biomedical applications. This method allows for the optimized fabrication of self-ordered nanotubular or nanoporous oxide structures. In this study, the structural characteristics, mechanism, adhesion, scratch hardness, wettability, nanoindentation, wear resistance, corrosion behavior, and in-vitro bioactivity of aluminum/alumina (Al/Al2O3) nanotube coating on Ti–6Al–4V (Ti64) were systematically studied. As the primary layer, a thin layer of pure Al was sputtered onto a Ti64 substrate via physical... 

An investigation into the addition of different weight percentages of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to find the optimum wt.% and its effect on the microstructure, thermal, magnetic, and electrical properties of aluminum matrix composite was conducted using the powder metallurgy method. The purpose of this research was to develop magnetic properties in aluminum. Based on the obtained results, the value of density, hardness, and saturation magnetization (Ms) from 2.33 g/cm3, 43 HV and 2.49 emu/g for Al-10 Fe3O4 reached a maximum value of 3.29 g/cm3, 47 HV and 13.06 emu/g for the Al-35 Fe3O4 which showed an improvement of 41.2%, 9.3%, and 424.5%, respectively. The maximum and minimum coercivity (Hc) was... 

Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) nano-powders were synthesized by a gel combustion method. To analyse the effect of processing factors and their interactions and to achieve an equation for nano-powder particle size in terms of code factors, D-optimal factorial design was used. Stannous chloride penta-hydride, ammonium fluoride and citric acid were used to synthesize the FTO nano-powders. The structure, morphology and composition of the synthesized powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The results revealed the formation of homogenous FTO nano-powders with an average particle size of 20 nm... 

Abstract: Commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys have been among the most commonly used materials for biomedical applications since the 1950s. Due to the excellent mechanical tribological properties, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of titanium, it is getting much attention as a biomaterial for implants. Furthermore, titanium promotes osseointegration without any additional adhesives by physically bonding with the living bone at the implant site. These properties are crucial for producing high-strength metallic alloys for biomedical applications. Titanium alloys are manufactured into the three types of α, β, and α + β. The scientific and clinical... 

Abstract: Commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys have been among the most commonly used materials for biomedical applications since the 1950s. Due to the excellent mechanical tribological properties, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of titanium, it is getting much attention as a biomaterial for implants. Furthermore, titanium promotes osseointegration without any additional adhesives by physically bonding with the living bone at the implant site. These properties are crucial for producing high-strength metallic alloys for biomedical applications. Titanium alloys are manufactured into the three types of α, β, and α + β. The scientific and clinical... 

This study aimed to prepare nanoporous anodic alumina on AA3003-H14 aluminum alloy using a mild anodization process with minimal working voltage and treatment time. The microstructural features, mechanical properties, and tribocorrosion behavior of the coatings were assessed to determine the optimum conditions for the fabrication of nanoporous anodic alumina on AA3003-H14 alloy. The microstructural analysis showed both uniform and nonuniform pore nucleations during anodization in H2SO4/C2H2O4, H2SO4/H2CrO4, and EG/H2O/NH4F electrolytes, where the optimal nanoporous structure with an average thickness, porosity, pore diameter, and interpore distance of 382 nm, 19%, 16 nm, and 35 nm,... 

Purpose: Although magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) are promising agents for hyperthermia therapy, insufficient drug encapsulation efficacies inhibit their application as nanocarriers in the targeted drug delivery systems. In this study, porous magnetite nanoparticles (PMNPs) were synthesized and coated with a thermosensitive polymeric shell to obtain a synergistic effect of hyperthermia and chemotherapy. Materials and methods: PMNPs were produced using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide template and then coated by a polyethylene glycol layer with molecular weight of 1500 Da (PEG1500) and phase transition temperature of 48 ± 2 °C to endow a thermosensitive behavior. The profile of drug release... 

A long-term antibacterial activity of implants without compromising their biocompatibility is highly desirable to minimize the biomaterial-associated infections. Although tantalum oxide nanotubes (Ta2O5 NTs) are promising coating materials for orthodontics and orthopedics applications, their insufficient antibacterial activity retains vulnerability to post-implantation infections. This study aimed to endow antibacterial characteristics to the Ta2O5 NTs-coated Ti6Al4V substrates by decoration of silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2O NPs). The well-adherent Ta2O5 NTs were grown via anodization of a pure tantalum (Ta) layer coated by physical vapor deposition (PVD) on the Ti6Al4V substrates. The... 

In the present study, the structural features, corrosion behavior, and in vitro bioactivity of TiO 2 nanotubular arrays coated on Ti–6Al–4V (Ti64) alloy were investigated. For this reason, Ti64 plates were anodized in an ammonium fluoride electrolyte dissolved in a 90:10 ethylene glycol and water solvent mixture at room temperature under a constant potential of 60 V for 1 h. Subsequently, the anodized specimens were annealed in an argon gas furnace at 500 and 700 °C for 1.5 h with a heating and cooling rate of 5 °C min −1 . From XRD analysis and Raman spectroscopy, a highly crystalline anatase phase with tetragonal symmetry was formed from the thermally induced crystallization at 500 °C.... 

Nanomedicine has seen a significant rise in the development of new research tools and clinically functional devices. In this regard, significant advances and new commercial applications are expected in the pharmaceutical and orthopedic industries. For advanced orthopedic implant technologies, appropriate nanoscale surface modifications are highly effective strategies and are widely studied in the literature for improving implant performance. It is well-established that implants with nanotubular surfaces show a drastic improvement in new bone creation and gene expression compared to implants without nanotopography. Nevertheless, the scientific and clinical understanding of mixed oxide...