Sharif Digital Repository

Both resources have shaped the development of societies during the course of history. The increase in population, the growthe of middle-class societies, climate changes, economic development, health and environmental concerns, all play roles in magnifying or reducing the growing stresses on the vital resources of water and energy. Projections for water availability and quality, food and enrgy availability, soil and air quality are alarming. These alarms point to a major conclusion:’business as usual’ is no longer viable. Indeed, they call for a fundamental shift in the manner in which we understand and manage resources: a shift away from traditional approaches toward more integrative,... 

Logistics includes the flow of goods, information and other sources between production and consumption node to meet the demand of customers. Basically, Logistics includes the integration of information, transportation and inventory. This study is in association with how to phase-out the old product when the new one is developed, and also is about how to manage the remaining inventory in a phase-out period focusing on such decisions as time and discount amount. Often in retailing system, old products have been phased out with an introduction of a new one by distributors. In order to sell this amount of products in a specific time period retailers need to create a mechanisim to phase-out the... 

The number of GPS satellites, which are spent their life and work, have been increasingly on the rise. Hence with knowledge of debris numbers, we can get an estimate of collisions risk probability and functional interference of active satellites in the future time. In this study, by using three methods, least-squares, RBF and ANFIS and statistical data the growth pattern of retired satellite numbers has been expected in the future. Numbers estimated by curve fitting methods in 2014 have been compared to the number of satellites disabled and growth estimation error has been analyzed by two models. Solar activity, the sun's radiation incidence angle on the satellite solar panel and the Earth's...