Sharif Digital Repository

This thesis has provided an overview of the theoretical justification for the discrete Morse theory، persistent homology، and applications. Once the primary definitions of complexes have been established in the first chapter، we have explored the Discrete morse theory in detail in the second chapter. Then it is used to prove that disconnectivity is an eva- sive feature of graphs. Furthermore، some theorems related to discrete morse theory have been used to reduce the time complexity of ho- mology algorithms. Next chapter، we try to establish the foundation of persistent homology، and then we explore stability theorems of persis- tent homology. Finally، an application chapter has been added،... 

Fire is one the events which threatens the very existence of every building, residential, office, industrial or else. However, this threat is more serious with regard to buildings with steel structures. Steel, despite its many advantages over other structural materials, such as having high strength to weight ratio, ductility, toughness and resilience, has the disadvantage of rapidly losing its strength at elevated temperatures, i.e. in fire. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the designer to make the serious decision of whether to use steel, concrete, timber, or other materials for the structure of the building to be designed. Observations made during full-scale fire tests as well as... 

The objective of this project is to study the behaviour and performance of an innotative floating offshore platform. Such Platform not only can be used for exploring oil from offshore fields, but for creating artificial islands, where land is in short supply. Due to its specific and, at the same time, simple geometry (symmetric), its fabrication does ont involve much complexity. Studies carried out on this platform include the investigation into its structural behaviour under gravitational (including self weight) and bouyancy forces. Studied cases include a number of platforms with different (geometrical) sizes and under 3 various bouyancy conditions (percentage), namely 1) 50% of the height... 

The city of Tehran is dealing with air pollution problems for years. Providing a solution for this problem requires information about different pollutants emission sources. In this subjects, emission factors and emission models are essential tools for decision makers. Among different mobile emission sources in Tehran, motorcycles are of high importance. In this project, for the first time in Iran, exhaust gas pollutants emission of 66 motorcycles with different ages and engine displacement volumes were measured according to Euro-3 standard certification procedure. Measurement results showed that none of the tested motorcycles passed the Euro-3 certification limit on CO emission. Calculations... 

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines are the new generation of internal combustion engines which have diesel-like thermal efficiency, while they have low nitrogen oxide and soot emission. One of the major problems of HCCI engines is combustion timing control due to its dependence on reactivity of the charge and chemical kinetics. Moreover, limiting operation range between knock and misfiring is the other drawback of using these kind of engines. In the present work, partially homogeneous HCCI combustion in a single cylinder diesel engine is modeled using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) coupled with chemical kinetics. Simulation includes the engine cycle from exhaust valve... 

Today air pollution has become one of the major urban management concerns. Air pollution could have dangerous effects on human health in short time or long time in many situations. Numerical modelling is one of the most applicable among different ways for predicting pollutant concentration like field measurement, physical model in wind tunnel, and simulation. Modelling of pollutant dispersion is a way for estimating concentration and aggregation of the pollutant near the surface and with different distances from pollution source. In different dispersion models, one of simplest is the Gaussian model. In this approach it is supposed that emission plume obeys from Gaussian distribution and is... 

Studying the performance of irregular structures in past earthquakes reveals that due to their severe vulnerability, we need to accurately assess the behavioral characteristics of such structures. On the other hand, all existing seismic codes recommend the use of response modification factor to determine the base shear, design forces of the members, and the design drift ratios, which seem to have limited comprehensiveness. Moreover, the response modification factor for a structural system is discussed in a general manner and the effect of factors such as number of bays, number of stories, span length, story height and irregularities are not considered. In this research, the effects of... 

In this study, the behavior of a new innovative bracing system under cyclic loading and according to AISC code is investigated. An Ideal bracing system, in addition to having sufficient stiffness, should have a suitable ductility. Also, in order to prevent inelastic behavior of other structural members, braces, in addition to possessing high architectural adaptivity, must be able to contain the damage within itself and behave like a fuse. Three specimens with different sections, IPE100, HEA100 and 2UNP100, were designed and tested. The results of these tests represent an elastic- (approximately) perfectly plastic behavior of the brace if an appropriate section is used. Moreover, this bracing... 

Study of former earthquakes damages reveals that irregular structures are more susceptive to failure than regular ones. Irregular structures are classified into two categories, namely those with irregularity in elevation and the ones with irregularity in plan. Besides, one of the crucial parameters in working out the earthquake’s equivalent static load is response modification coefficient (R). Based on the type of seismic lateral force-resisting system, this parameter can have various values. In this research, using nonlinear static analysis, the response modification coefficient of a great number of 3-D steel frames of 5, 7 and 9 m spans and having 1 to 10 stories with various... 

The lateral force & its control has always been a great concern to structural designers. Based on the project’s location, this force can be either earthquake or wind force. In our country, Iran, the earthquake force is usually the dominant one. Of the most important differences between these two kinds of forces, we may point out the cyclic characteristics and nature of earthquake forces. One can choose different strategies to face the earthquake force including the use of dampers. Dampers exist in vast varieties of different categories which we will briefly explain in this thesis. Dampers can be used on their own or in combination with other lateral force resistance systems like bracings or... 

The behaviour of a semi-rigid connection with appreciable shear deformation capacity was studied experimentally. The tests carried out on the specimens of this connection composed of ‘monotonic’ and ‘cyclic’ tests. The monotonic tests results showed the high shear deformation capacity of this connection as well as its high energy dissipation capacity. The cyclic tests, however, indicated the ability of this connection to endure large number of ‘well-rounded’ hysteresis cycles, which led to the dissipation of great amount of energy before failure  

Bracing Systems are usually a set of inclined members that are embedded in structures to resist lateral forces and control lateral displacements. There are different types and behaviors for Bracing Systems depending on the way of assembling and locating them in the structure. Braced Frames, such as Concentrically Braced Frames (CBFs), generally have high stiffness and low ductility. Another Type of Braced Frames is Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBFs) which improves CBFs by establishing suitable ductility as well as stiffness. Inelastic behavior of Links involved with EBFs caused this in EBFs. Nevertheless, these systems have no efficiency in next earthquake, because links are parts of beams... 

The behavior of a new steel shear wall, already devised by the supervisor of this project, and tested by other students, was modeled numerically. Such numerical simulation was carried out using the Finite Element Methods of analysis. Hexagonal solid elements were employed in order to discretize the tested specimens and those parts of the test assembly which had to be included in the models. Both, Monotonic and Cyclic tests were simulated numerically. Comparison of the tests results with those of the numerical models showed fair correlation between them. Percentages of error in the dissipated energy for the three monotonic tests were 6.9%, 6.4% and 11.2%, respectively, whereas that of the... 

As elevation increase, environmental impacts will change, and this will affect on vehicle performance. The pressure drop and consequently the drop in air density at high altitude affect the volumetric efficiency of the engine. This exacerbates engine combustion, since the engine displacement volume is constant, with the drop in air density, the intake air mass flow rate decreases. In this situation, the engine does not have enough air to burn the fuel, and as a result the engine ignition will getting into the defect. ECU only changes the amount of injecting fuel and has no control on the entering air flow to the engine. In such circumstances, emissions from the vehicle are expected to... 

Combustion sources such as diesel vehicles are the most of the particular matter sources in ambient air. Near the tailpipe, exhaust is very hot, condense and have high velocity. This properties cause to need special methods and instrument to collect them. Numerously of combustion sources will emitted the VOCs, IVOCs, and SVOCs. This component mixed with ambient air and changing to particle phase from gas phase. Reaction between nitrogen oxides with sunlight cause to damage ozone layer and tissue in long time. Furthermore, breathe of VOCs gases cause to eye irritation, gastrointestinal effects, Damage to the nervous system, headache, dizziness, fatigue, vibration and loss of organ... 

Air pollution modeling is a powerful and low-cost tool for taking appropriate strategies to control air pollution. In this research, the effects of vegetation on air pollutant dispersion were studied using computational fluid dynamics models. At the beginning, aerodynamics and thermal effects of vegetation on reactive pollutant dispersion including NO, NO2 and O3 under photochemistry cycle were investigated in two different geometries. In the first geometry, tree planting in an urban environment involving several canyons was simulated. Results show that tree planting causes flow reversal, temperature decrease, and concentration field change. Concentration change of each pollutant not only... 

With the road transportation vehicles being widely used, concerns have been increased regarding their unwanted effects. Air pollution, climate change, and oil supply security are among these effects. Many alternative fuels and propulsion systems have been proposed to be used instead of conventional ICE vehicles in recent decades. This project intends to conduct a Techno-Economic comparison between different vehicle powertrains so as to select the suitable choice to substitute conventional ICE vehicles. The vehicle options are ICE vehicles using both gasoline and CNG as fuels, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), and Electric Vehicles (EVs). The amount of...