Sharif Digital Repository

With the invention of the Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA) technique in 1985, it became possible to amplify ultra-short laser pulses to high intensities with suitable pre-pulses contrast. By considering the importance of the short wavelengths radiation sources, the interaction of the intense laser with dense plasma is one of the most promising routs to reach this goal.
This thesis is devoted to theoretical studies of the interaction of intense laser pulses with solid-state targets. The Relativistically Oscillating Mirror (ROM) and the nanobunching regime models, which introduced in 2006 and 2010 respectively, are presented and discussed. The reflection of a laser pulse from an overdense... 

Different parts of this research are focused on developing FO membranes and improving their performance. For this purpose, thin film composite (TFC) membranes with fixed composition of polyethersulfone/polyamide (PES/PA) have been used to investigate the effect of nanocomposites containing transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) on their performance. The support layer in all cases is PES, which is prepared through the phase inversion process and does not contain any nanofillers. The modification process takes place in the polyamide layer by dispersing the desired nanoparticles in the aqueous monomer solution necessary to form this active layer. Identification and characterization of... 

In this project a wide-band inductorless Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) has been designed using 0.18 micrometer CMOS technology. The specification of this amplifier has been explored in frequency band of 330MHz to 10GHz. Wide-band input and output impedance matching, low Noise-Figure (NF), reasonable voltage gain and low power consumption are the main challenges of Low Noise Amplifier design. Without using an inductor a better overall performance of LNA in a wide frequency band as well as a lower chip area has been achieved. In this design a novel noise cancellation technique in common-gate topology has been used for lowering the Noise Figure of the LNA. Group Delay of the designed LNA, which is... 

Integration of radio transceivers results in developing low power low cost wireless systems and allows delivery of multimedia contents to battery-powered mobile terminals. Portable reception of digital video for hand-held devices is one of the applications, for which, some telecommunications standards have been developed in the recent years. This research deals with the integrated implementation of the radio frequency parts of the digital video receiver, especially the frequency synthesizer. The key aspects of the digital video reception system are the required signal to noise ratio, which is relatively high, wide band input signals and strong interferers in the receiving band.
In... 

Considerable effort has been directed in recent years towards the transition metal complex catalyzed oxidation of organic compounds. Herein the synthsis of the iron complex of bis(oxazoline) ligand as a novel catalyst is reported, and the catalytic activity of this complex in oxidation of sulfides is investigated. Bis(2-oxazolynil)methane as ligand is prepared by condensation of diethylmalonate with 2-aminoethanole in 1:2 molar ratio and finally corresponding complex is synthesized by the reaction between FeCl3.6H2O and Bis(2-Oxazolynil)methane in 1:1 molar ratio. The complex is characterized by using IR, UV-Vis, cyclic voltametery, conductometery and elemental analysis data. Moreover,... 

The first part of this thesis describes the synthesis and characterization of several Mn, Fe and Mo complexes containing tridentate Schiff base and oxazoline ligands and their reactivities as catalysts in the oxidation of organic compounds like olefins and sulfides, as well. The crystal structures of newly prepared cis-dioxo-bis[2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-oxazolinato]molybdenum(VI), cis-[MoO2(phox)2] and (N-hydroxyphenyl-salicylidenamine)(acetylacetonato)ethanol iron(III), [FeIII(N-OPh-sal)(acac)EtOH] complexes have been described by X-ray crystallography. Due to the difficulties in the preparation of suitable single crystals of novel... 

In this project, issues related to designing and fabricating active phase shifter blocks on the silicon substrate have been examined. Phase shifter circuits are designed in a way that have the most bandwidth and the less sensitivity to process characteristics changes and environmental conditions. The purpose of this research, is designing an active 6 bits phase shifter. The active phase shifter synthesizes the required phase using a phase interpolation process by adding quadrature phased input signals. It uses a new quadrature all-pass filter for quadrature signaling with a wide bandwidth. Also substitute structure has been suggested to this filter which is the main block in determining... 

This thesis deals with the front-End of an Integrated RFID Reader operated in 860MHz to 960MHz, which integrates a RF transceiver including PA, LNA and Mixer. In the receiver part, a power amplifier was fabricated and measured and in the transmitter part, LNA and Mixer were designed. There is a growing interest in utilizing CMOS technologies for RF power amplifiers (PAs). Although several advances have been made recently to enable full integration of PAs in CMOS, it is still among the most difficult challenges in achieving a truly single-chip radio system in CMOS. This is exacerbated by supply voltage reduction due to CMOS technology scaling and on-chip passive losses due to the conductive... 

Inert gold become catalytically active when dispersed in the form of nanoparticles. Isolated gold nanoparticles have demonstrated high catalytic activity for both oxidation and reduction reactions. In order to obtain high catalytic activity, gold nanoparticles are generally dispersed on support materials, among which oxides are commonly used. However, a substantial decrease in activity and selectivity of the immobilized catalysts is frequently observed due to the heterogeneous nature of these support materials in reaction media. In the course of our study on the metal-based catalysis for synthesis of organic compounds, we herein report that rod-shaped Au nanoparticles in aqua solution... 

Fully integrated frequency synthesizer is one of the important system-on-chips building blocks. Among this circuit’s remarkable applications, Bioelectronics field is very common. In these applications, advanced microelectronic circuits are used in order to diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The aim of this thesis is design and implementation a wideband frequency synthesizer in a 0.18um CMOS technology. The main usage of this circuit is in a fully integrated implantable biomedical sensory chip. This circuit generates two necessary local signals in sensory chip to stimulus cells and process the information.
Frequency synthesizer is based on phased locked loop (PLL) circuit and produce... 

The 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-oxazoline ligand (Hphox) is generated from 1:1 condensation of methyl salicylate with 2-aminoethanol. Novel [Ru(Hphox)2(H2O)2] (Hphox = 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-oxazoline ) complex has been synthesized and characterized by physic-chemical methods. Oxidation of sulfides catalyzed by the mixed-ligand ruthenium(II) complex [Ru(Hphox)2(H2O)2]using urea-hydrogen peroxide (UHP) as oxidant was investigated under mild condition within 1 h. The results showed that mixed-ligand ruthenium(II) complex was effective catalyst in oxidation of sulfides in whichsulfoxideswere the only products. Using this catalytic system in the oxidation of alkanes, ketones were obtained as the main... 

The selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides is an important method in organic synthesis because sulfoxides are useful synthetic intermediates for the construction of various chemically and biologically significant molecules. To date, the most important method of preparation involves the oxidation of sulfides. Various oxidizing agents are used for this purpose. Oxovanadium(IV)(Salen) and oxovanadium(V)(Salen)Cl were synthesised and screened in the vanadium-catalysed oxidation of sulfides to solfuxides with urea hydrogen peroxide(UHP) as terminal oxidant. Both complexes showed good activity and selectivity trough the catalytic reaction.characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H and 13C... 

The objective of this thesis is to prioritize a portfolio of buildings for seismic retrofit. A new set of sensitivity measures is proposed to rank the buildings in accordance with the reduction in the loss of the entire portfolio. To this end, various risk measures are differentiated with respect to the cost of retrofit for each building. These risk measures are the moments of the portfolio cost probability distribution which imply the risk-neutral and risk-averse decision making. Two costs are considered: Construction cost due to retrofit and repair cost due to structural and non-structural damage. To quantify the risk, reliability methods are employed in which many interacting... 

In most radio receivers like superheterodyne receivers, a weak desired incoming signal is accompanied with many interferer signals that are much more powerful than the desired signal itself. These interferers, also called blockers, can cause a great disturbance in the functionality of the receiver. Due to gain compression and an increase in the noise figure (NF) of the receiver, the blockers should be filtered before the arrival at the output of the LNA. Because of the low quality factors of the available on chip inductors and in order to eliminate the out of band interferer signals and image frequency (in superheterodyne receivers), usually an external surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter is... 

In this study, community resilience after a disaster is optimally enhanced for interdependent infrastructures through prioritization of recovery operations considering limited resources. Optimal enhancement of community resilience can be performed at two levels: Pre-disaster and Post-disaster. In the pre-disaster level, resilience enhancement is achieved through optimization of long-term decision making that includes optimized allocation of resources to retrofit of buildings. However, in the post-disaster response and recovery period, allocating resources to retrofit or backup systems is infeasible. Therefore, in the post-disaster level considered in this study, resilience enhancement is... 

The main aim of present thesis is to synthesis and characterize of ferrite nanocomposites as a new generation phtocalyst and their application in degradation of various types of environmental pollutants in different irradiation time and dark conditions. Ferrites have been used anchored to carbon allotropes such as graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes, in order to improve their photocalytic activity as well as phase structure, textural and optical properties. Firstly, a new SnS2-BiFeO3/rGO nanocomposite has been prepared to increase the visible-light-responsive photodegradation of organic dyes such as cationic methylene blue (MB) and anionic methyl orange (MO). The obtained results showed... 

The primary objective of this thesis is comprehensive treatment of epistemic uncertainties in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis based on structural reliability methods. The classical methods of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, i.e., PSHA, traditionally consider a limited number of uncertainties. The ones that they do consider comprise the aleatory uncertainty in the magnitude, the distance, and the residuals of ground motion prediction equations and the epistemic uncertainty in the intensity measures predicted by different such equations. However, there are many sources of epistemic uncertainty that, according to past studies, have a significant impact on the upper tail of the... 

In this dissertation a special category of RF filters known as multi-path filters are introduced, chracterized and implemented. The center frequency of the multi-path filters can be tuned by changing the frequency of the clocks applied to the filter, which makes them attractive for use in multi-standard receivers. In this thesis, different types of multi-path filters are studied and by proposing different circuits, their various applications are covered. First, the concept of multi-path filters and their chracteristics are studied. Then a novel technique to analyze these filters based on Fourier analysis is proposed and then, based on this analysis, a new circuit architecture with reduced... 

This study proposes a probabilistic framework to quantitatively evaluate the resilience of a community comprising a building stock, commercial facilities, and interdependent infrastructure systems. To this end, the proposed framework employs Monte Carlo sampling in which each sample comprises multiple stages. The sample starts with the occurrence of a hazard event. It then follows by evaluating the consequences incurred by the community in the face of the hazard event. It is concluded by simulating the operations aimed at complete recovery of the community comprising inspection, rescue and relief, restoration, and recovery. For this purpose, chains of interacting probabilistic models are...