Sharif Digital Repository

The objective of this project is to consider the various methods employed in processing the EMG signal to control an artificial hand. The current presented methods of EMG processing do not benefit from the fact that sequential movements are closely correlated. Using this time correlation we are going to improve the correctness of the prediction of movements. To find the application of this project in commercial artificial hand we focus on one DOF hand for a high level of accuracy. Using this processing method combined with an artificial hand having Geometric Adaptability may present an acceptable product for commercial use.

 

Positron Emmision Tomography is one of the most important methods in molecular imaging field. One of the challenges over PET imaging is the resolution of reconstructed images. To overcome this problem, one can use more exact image reconstruction methods called, iterative methods. It has been showed that Iterative methods like MLEM have advantages over Analytical ones. Main drawback of iterative methods is time consuming computation. Then you should reduce the image reconstruction’s time for clinical time constraints. Using Graphic Proccessing Unit for accelerating computational works, raised in recent years. In this work, we used GPU for accelerating pet image reconstruction and simulation... 

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,MRI, although as one of the most advanced medical imaging equipment is well known but compared to other medical imaging systems needs more time to imaging, so it has caused the patient dissatisfaction. According to the recently researches, filling the image data in a space of information that called ‘k-space’, in the process of image reconstruction, is the main reason of slow MRI. Image reconstruction methods for accelerating like half scan based on image reconstruction by using only a part of k-space is used in MRI systems today, but this method is associated with lower SNR image. Recent research on the theory of compressed sensing has been opened a new approach... 

The charged particles in space strike the silicon surface of an embedded system in a satellite and cause fault occurrence in its operation. So some methods should be employed to reduce the effects of the faults. The methods that are implemented in system level are widely used because of their low cost and high reliability. The processors are responsible for performing main processes in embedded systems. On the other hand, the ARM processors are good choices for utilizing in satellites because of their low size, low power consumption and high performance. Also, FPGAs have made a major improvement in embedded system design. So with implementing ... 

In this thesis, LEON Processor was chosen for its compatible architecture that can be implemented on a wide range of FPGAs. The final designed processor is aimed to conquer soft and hard errors that occur due to cosmic radiations in SRAM cells of an FPGA. The system can finally resist all single SEUs that happen in flip flops and all 4 random errors that take place in each register of the register file. All the flip flops and latches are protected using a TMR scheme. The information redundancy in the regiester file to overcome all 4 random errors is 168% and the errors are corrected by means of a mechanesim that is masked from the processor core. In cache memory, each 32 bit data is... 

Recently, the computational algorithms underlying in the nervous system of vertebrates have been attracting scientists and engineers. Therefore, a number of artificial learning methods are proposed for mathematical interpretation of these algorithms. In this thesis, by investigating the latest findings about the nervous system, and the motor system in particular, a novel machine learning scheme inspired by human motor learning is proposed. Basic theoretical aspects of this method in conjunction with some of state-of-theart artificial learning methods are discussed. Finally, this method is evaluated in a variety of engineering problems ranging from curve fitting and function approximation to... 

There are some problems in calculation of heavy and huge equations which are ill-posed and nonlinear. They need to be solved by the processors. The errors are important in our measurements because this precision is very important in calculation. The Block Method approach solving Forward Problem in Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) results produce an exact solution only if the measurements are done with enough accuracy. In this thesis, a 3D model of EIT with Block Method is implemented by means of Digital Signal Processor (DSP) to obtain exact results. In this work it has used a powerful processor called TMS320C6416DSK to reduce the measurement error in equations. It has used Code... 

Electrical impedance tomography is considered as medical and industrial imaging methods which is inexpensive and safer than other imaging methods, but has low quality results. The purpose of this study is providing a practical method to increase its quality. Image reconstruction in EIT always is encountered with both direct and inverse problem. In the forward problem electric potential distribution is achieved from known distribution of electrical impedance and currents, but in the inverse problem, identifying of electrical impedance distribution is the target which is achieved by known electric potential and current distribution. In fact, solving inverse problem results the image... 

How the human nervous system works is one of the most important topics in science and in this topic providing a model of it is scientists' main concern. The human brain that has been formed from a large number of nerve cells lets it do complex computations. The structure of cognition, memorizing and processing which are some of human features are being studied in many fields of science named "brain and cognitive science".
In this study, we will point to modeling of one of the human cognitive phenomena (decision making in problem solving). In this modeling, we aim to connect the microscopic and macroscopic levels of the nervous system to each other.
First, we will give an introduction... 

Falls are one of the major causes leading to injury of elderly people. Using wearable devices for fall detection has a high cost and may cause inconvenience to the daily lives of the elderly. In this project, we present an automated fall detection approach that requires only a low-cost depth camera. Our approach combines two computer vision techniques, spatio-temporal fall characterization and a learning-based classifier to distinguish falls from other daily actions. A dense set of spatio-temporal feature vectors are computed from video to provide a localized description of the action, and subsequently aggregated in an empirical covariance matrix to compactly represent the action. Then, we... 

Studies in recent years have shown formation of strongly functionally linked sub-networks during rest, networks that are often referred to as resting-state networks. RSNs not only have basic information about the brain but also play a key role in detecting brain disorders, such as Alzheimer and Autism; Consequently, they have been remarkably noticed by neuroscientists. Numerous methods have been used in order to extract RSNs using resting-states fMRI time series. Independent component analysis (ICA) is the most common method, whi have been reported to show a high level of consistency neurophysiology; however, its results is unstable in subject-level. is weakness restricted the ICA... 

Artificial neural networks are mathematical models inspired by the nervous system and brain. The types and applications of these networks are very widespread nowadays, and it seems that they can be used to track the signals well and estimate the data of the next. In this research, we try to present a model that can predict the future of the trend of noisy signals that have unpredictable behavior, or in other words, chaotic signals. Such research is also widely used in the medical sciences, including the diagnosis of epileptic seizures or heart attacks. In this research, a study with high volatility financial data has been done as an example on this issue and the proposed model tries to be... 

Revolutionary developments in marketing, information and communications technology continue to transform the banking and financial industry. The objectives of this thesis are mainly to examine the role and perspective of core banking solutions as the heart of IT department in any financial institution, for addressing requirements of both financial institutions and customers. The study explores criteria for measuring core banking solutions, the time of core replacement in any financial institution and agenda that must be considered in the core banking replacement process.
Moreover, in this thesis, the core banking solution architectures and the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) as the... 

According to needs for high quality pictures with high compression, in variety of applications such as Satellite communications, in this thesis some parts of JPEG2000 standard with computation and time complexity, have been implemented on FPGA. This parts are:
1- Two dimensional Discrete wavelet transform (2D-DWT)
2- Bit Plan Coding
3- Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (MQ-Coder)
Each of these parts is implemented on basis of the best architectures in papers with some improvement on its hardware; and the results are compared with other similar works. Other parts, such as “Packet Creation” that are intrinsically software-based, are not implemented and it is... 

The fire event may cause danger to life and property. In general, most fire-detection devices are set on the wall or ceiling. . However, this method is not flexible enough to detect a fire occurrence, and this needs the use of many fire-detection devices in a building. Since it is not suitable, we use an active fire-detection device to detect a fire incident. In the past, smoke sensors were used for fire detection, but often the smoke sensors triggered a false alarm when someone smoked in the room. Therefore, multisensor fire-detection methods are one of the current important developments for fire- detection technology. We design a fire-detection module using an ionization smoke sensor... 

The aim of this thesis was to test predictive coding as a model of cortical organization and function in multisensory processing using a specific brain response, the mismatch negativity (MMN) in both Auditory and visual modalities, and a novel tool for connectivity analysis, dynamic causal modeling (DCM). Predictive coding models state that the brain perceives and makes inferences about the world by recursively updating predictions about sensory input. Thus, perception would result from comparing bottom-up input from the environment with top-down predictions. The generation of the MMN, an event related response elicited by violations in the regularity of a structured auditory or visual... 

The retina is a light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eyeball wall and is the initial stage of the brain's visual processing stages. This tissue contains more than 60 types of neurons placed in different neuronal layers. All the visual information received from the surrounding environment passes the retina and is encoded into neural signals. Therefore, studying the retina's functionality and bio-inspired modeling of its neurons and their connections are essential in recognizing visual dysfunctions caused by problems in the retina. Also, this modeling can help researchers in proposing solutions for building retinal prosthetics and, in general, performing simulations in the... 

Face recognition is one of the best biometrics in computer vision. Although researchers introduced this method many years ago, the most important improvement has occurred in the biometrics last decade. Face recognition was employed in areas such as passport checking, security issues and identification. It facilitates our daily life as we use it in our mobile phones and computers for unlocking our devices. Many approaches were employed in the face recognition applications. Some of them were single-modal like PCA, ICA and LDA and some others were multimodal like Visual + 3D or 3D + IR. Still, most of Face recognition methods suffer from environment changes like variations in illumination and... 

Due to the considerable changes taken place in the economic structures and financial systems, the role of banks as substantial economic organizations has become more important and highlighted. Therefore, it is required for banks to develop their services with the world-wide growth of information technology in order to meet the rising online needs of their customers. This goal could be better achieved by the alignment of electronic banking services with a perfect strategy for IT service management which has been made up of widely accepted best practices. Accordingly, the aim of this thesis is establishing a guideline from which banks can plan, implement, and measure their electronic banking... 

Generally speaking a web browser is a software application for surfing the World Wide Web. A user with web browser can request some web pages on the Internet. This request would be sent to web server and would be analyzed. The result would be shown to end user by web browser GUI. A web browser has different parts such as HTML parser, Renderer, browser engine and GUI. The GUI is one of the most important parts of each web browser, because the end users interact with GUI. The classical GUI for surfing has been used in various platforms, such as the PC and Laptop Operating systems. Because of the technological advances and the introduction of tablets and other touch screen devices i. e, smart...