Sharif Digital Repository

In this research,Graphene Oxide nanoplatelets (GO) were synthesized by chemically modified Hummer's method.After the GO nanosheets electrochemically reduced to graphene, nanoparticles imposed to this thin film.This optimized nanostructure coating was utilized for investigating the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) over the copper substrate. In order to optimize the kinetic of electrodeposition and reduction, diverse electrochemical approaches such as cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometic and potentiometric as well as pulse electrodeposition methods were employed. Electrochemical procedures were aligned by Design of Experiment (DOE) ... 

corrosion of steel reinforcements in concrete is one of the most important reasons for durability reduction of offshore structures. To reduce the diffusion rate of ion reactivity in concrete and its reinforcement surface, different methods such as chemical change and coating of reinforcement and concrete are used. In this research for increase corrosion resistance, effect of Pozzolanic additive materials such as fly ash and micro silica , in optimized percentages, 25% and 10% by weight of cement respectively, the percentage of polypropylene fibers improved 2.5% volume of concrete and Ferrogard-901 industrial inhibitor with 3% by weight of cement in concrete mixing plan, were investigated.... 

The iron and steel industry has faced several challenges during the recent years. There has always been an aspiration towards higher economic profitability for the system. During the mid 1970s and 1980s the energy crises caused a dramatic rise in energy costs, which led to an increased awareness in energy conservation. In recent years, climate change issues have become more important for the industry. The operating practices for an industrial system are often affected by external restrictions concerning the economical, energy and environmental efficiency of the system. There are a large number of ways to increase the system efficiency, e.g. installation of new process equipment, and practice... 

In a single chemical plant, the operation of each unit operation is not independent of each other. In the other hand, the main operations are performed in reactors following by several separation steps including distillation and purification units. The total energy requirements are sullied by the heat exchanger networks. The performance of these systems is improved by integration and intensification of the reactor and distillation column in a single unit. The main objective of the present work is to provide an effective design approach to intensify the reactor and distillation column. In a reactive distillation column, the reaction and separation is done in a single unit. Increasing... 

The energy section has a significant share in the emission of environmental pollutants. Based on the recent investigations about 80 percent of greenhouse gases are emitted into the environment from this sector. This present research has focused on estimating costs of pollution control, using the energy system model. In order to have a better understanding of the relationship between energy and environment, the reference energy system for Guilan Province has been developed; then by having energy demand data, historical capacity data for each technologies and potential of energy resources as well as, the development of provincial energy system has been studied. After the model verification and... 

Hydro power is a clean energy resource which has numerous advantages over other renewable energy systems including competitiveness with fossil fuel systems, high reliability, considerable potential, and availability of technology. These advantages have drawn attention to hydropower systems. Small Hydro Power (SHP) systems can be used for supplying the demand of rural and remote areas where electricity network rarely exists. SHP may also provide an investment opportunity. Comprehensive analysis of design features and operation of SHP and management of risks involved requires development and application of reliable analytical tools. The present research aims at developing a model for optimal... 

Due to the growth of energy consumption the use of new technologies and efficient energy conversion is necessary. An example of efficient energy conversion technology is CCHP (Combined Cooling, Heating and Power). The aim of the present research work is to develop a model that could be applied for optimal design of a hybrid CCHP system which would be Solar Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (SCCHP). In order to do so,microturbine power system, cooling and heating equipment’s such as absorption system and heat exchanger and also solar collector have been considered as an integral part of the system. The objective of the application of the model has been to identify proper sizing of all... 

Energy supply system model (ESM) is used as an analytical tool for policy making and optimizing the allocation of energy resources, selecting the best combination of energy carriers and technologies, and also determining required investments for development and operation of energy supply system, in order to meet the useful demand of energy. Although the modeled process in this Bottom-Up mathematical tool has deterministic characteristics, but evolution of exogenous parameters for energy sector have uncertainty which may impact on results of energy model. Limitations of applied methods for application of deterministic energy models under uncertain conditions result that all uncertain... 

About 6.5 million people die from air pollution annually, of which 5.5 million are from the Asian continent. By considering reduction of life span and external costs associated with the emission of air pollutants, the importance of environmental impact assessment and managing the reduction of pollutant emissions becomes even more important. Meanwhile, the largest share (85%) of pollutant emissions is related to the supply and demand sectors of energy carriers. Therefore, the design and development of the environmental impact assessment system of energy flows is a necessity in the process of sustainable development of the energy sector.A key policy challenge in Tehran megacity is to curb high... 

Environmental and economic scarcity of resources are the most important challenges of industry sector. Iran confronted with lack of sufficient water resources and proper management and faces with drought and its environmental and economic consequences. It is a complicated challenge to provide the water demand without any damage to the ecosystem and it needs to do social, economic and environmental assessments. Wastewater treatment (water recycling) is an alternative option for supplying water demand. Wastewater treatment system (collecting, transportation to the treatment plant, wastewater treatment, and discharge) designed in order to solve hygienic and health issues in first place, but it... 

Energy innovation is essential for tackling climate change. However, an established set of indicators, that can support policy makers in their design of policy mixes, has not been developed for evaluating the performance of energy innovation systems. So, one of the purpose of this study is to list and classify a large set of indicators of the performance of energy innovation systems at sectoral and technological levels. 120 listed indicators are evaluated using four usefulness criteria, demonstrating significant weaknesses in the available indicators. The indicators are also classified according to an innovation process categorization to see if they cover all aspects of an innovation system... 

Buildings are responsible for 40% of total energy consumption worldwide. A significant portion of this energy contributes to building temperature control, and energy storage is an effective way to reduce energy consumption and to levelize the supply of heat load. A solution for reducing energy consumption in the building is to increase the thermal inertia of the building and to store energy using smart materials in the building components. Materials with phase change can stabilize the internal temperature of the building.In the present study, model is exmined with the help of modeling the thermal behavior of a room in Tehran in summer, using MATLAB software. The problem is solved by the... 

The purpose of the present study is to plan an industrial system, over a period of 10 years, so that over time, while supplying the required demand, to optimal resource utilization with regard to material reuse and recovery flows of losses as well as the use of renewable resources move to implement the concept of a circular economy. One of the main incentives for the transition to a circular economy is carbon tax policy, which has been taken into account. The results of the decision-making model based on cost and flow constraints indicate that the use of carbon dioxide as a by-product of Pars Petrochemical Extraction Unit in order to produce urea in Pardis petrochemical industry in addition... 

The exit flue gas temperature of conventional gas fired boiler is generally high and considerable energy is lost to environment. Therefore, new methods are needed to recover water and heat from boiler flue gas in order to reduce overall plant water consumption as well as to increase energy efficiency and mitigate detrimental emissions. This project involved design of a heat and water recovery system including condensing heat exchangers to be used in residential buildings. In this project based on simulation of heat and water recovery system the recoverable amount of heat and efficiency improvement potential at various conditions such as different exit flue gas temperatures and different... 

Waste management is one of the essential and basic utility services in 21st century, especially in rural areas. It includes different environmental, technical, economic, legal and social aspects which need to be considered in levels of waste generation, transport, treatment and disposal. Therefore, considering economic criterion in waste management programs, as the only one criterion, will result in environmental impacts in long-term and impose high costs to the society and the economy overall. The main purpose of this study is to develop a multi-criteria mathematical model, which take into account both economic and environmental criteria in order to present an integrated municipal solid... 

Sustainable development of the energy sector, as a resource-consuming sector with high environmental emissions, is essential. Especially in energy-intensive countries such as Iran with a sensitive environment, the sustainability considerations are more critical. The sustainability may be achieved when all pillars (economic, social, and environmental) are considered in a balanced manner. Previous economic experiences show the incapability of the market view in proper consideration of the ecosystem assets. Therefore, and in contrast to the economic view, in the physical approaches the limited capacity of the cosystem bounds the economic activities for meeting social welfare. In this view, the...