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Cyto and genotoxicities of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide sheets on spermatozoa
, Article RSC Advances ; Vol. 4, issue. 52 , May , 2014 , pp. 27213-27223 ; ISSN: 20462069 ; Akhavan, O ; Shamsara, M ; Rahighi, R ; Esfandiar, A ; Tayefeh, A. R ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Concentration-dependent cyto and genotoxicities of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO) sheets on spermatozoa were studied. rGO sheets with various surface chemical states were achieved using hydrazine (N2H 4) hydrothermal (HT) reactions and green tea polyphenols (GTPs). Although 0.1 μg mL-1 graphene could not change sperm viability and kinetic parameters, <40% and 20% of spermatozoa were viable and progressively motile, after 2 h incubation with 400 μg mL-1 GO or rGO, respectively. All the graphene nanomaterials induced concentration- dependent reductions of adenosine triphosphate and NAD+/NADH produced by spermatozoa for motility and metabolic activity. While GO, N 2H4-rGO, and HT-rGO...
Fault analysis on AC railway supply system
, Article 6th Annual International Power Electronics, Drive Systems, and Technologies Conference, PEDSTC 2015, 3 February 2015 through 4 February 2015 ; February , 2015 , Pages 567-572 ; 9781479976539 (ISBN) ; Mokhtari, H ; Zolghadri, M. R ; Khodabandeh, M ; Abazai, A ; Seyyedi Khakshani, R ; Mazaheri, S ; Sharif University of Technology
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc
2015
Abstract
A short circuit fault in an AC railway supply system could have undesired consequences; including high-amplitude current flow in the power path, the rail potential rise in the fault vicinity. This paper studies the problem of the rail voltage rise in Tehran-Karaj railway system by the use of a steady state circuit model for the AC autotransformer during a phase-to-ground fault. By using this model, all the currents and voltages of the system can be easily calculated for all possible short circuit fault locations. With the help of the derived analytical model, one can also predict the possible fault locations which may cause the protection system to operate. The estimation of the system...