Sharif Digital Repository

This study introduces two new, simple, and scalable methods for synthesis of “cysteine–graphene oxide” hybrid, namely nucleophilic and covalent methods. Produced adsorbents could uptake 500 and 600 mg Hg2+/g, respectively, which are larger than capacities of most of the commercial adsorbents. By means of different instrumental techniques, chemical structures of the obtained graphene products were disclosed, and two pertinent mechanisms for their formations were suggested. Time for attaining uptake equilibrium for nucleophilic/covalent samples was 30 min/150 min, and kinetics was controlled by liquid film resistance/chemical reaction mechanisms, respectively. High selectivity and good... 

Three-dimensional graphenic adsorbents have been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal reduction and applied for deep removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) from model fuel. The nanoporous spongelike structure of the graphenic compounds was confirmed using various characterization techniques. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carbon black-graphene composite (CB-G), and nickel-impregnated graphene (Ni-G) showed adsorption capacities of 41.8, 46.9, and 43.3 mg of DBT g-1, respectively, and the DBT concentration in the model fuel was diminished to less than 10 ppm. Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption process evidenced feasible and exothermic adsorption on rGO and CB-G with negative enthalpy... 

In this study, a novel hybrid hydrogel based on chitosan, acrylic acid and amine-functionalized nanosilica was prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. This hydrogel nanocomposite was used for removal of Co2+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ ions from aqueous solution. The metal ion adsorption was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The adsorption behavior showed that the presence of modified nanosilica enhanced the porosity of the hydrogel network and affected its adsorption capacity in response to different parameters such as nanosilica content, metal ion concentration, adsorbent content,... 

In the present work, we report a chemically modified polyacrylamide/silica nanoporous composite adsorbent for the removal of reactive black 5 (RB5) azo dye from aqueous solutions. The composite adsorbent was synthesized in a packed bed and modified by ethylenediamine (EDA). The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermoporometry, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical stability of the adsorbent was examined in a packed bed by following the back-pressure of the column. Pore diameter of the composite adsorbent in dry and wet states was estimated to be about 18.71 nm and... 

In this study organically modified nanoclay were prepared by exchanging of the cetyltrimethylammonium (CTAB), with inorganic/metal ions/cations in montmorillonite structure. To investigate the influence of the amount of modifier on basal spacing and subsequent removal efficiency of hydrocarbon, different amount of modifier was used. The modified and unmodified nanoclays characterized by XRD, CHN and FTIR techniques. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the interlayer spacing of CTAB-modified clays increased from 12 to 22Å. The effectiveness of the sorbent materials for sorption of a range of products was investigated using crude oil, kerosene, gasoline and toluene. The process... 

Magnetic nanocomposite hydrogels containing different amounts of graphene oxide were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, TEM, VSM and UV-vis spectroscopy. The prepared hydrogels were used as adsorbents for removal of a cationic dye, crystal violet, from water. The kinetics and isotherm of adsorption and the effect of different experimental conditions such as graphene oxide content, pH of the solution, contact time, adsorbent dosage and initial dye concentration on adsorption capacity were then investigated. Parameters related to kinetics and isotherm models were calculated and discussed. It was found that adsorption is well-described by pseudo-second-order kinetics and... 

A new magnetic nano-adsorbent was synthesized via the radical polymerization of methyl acrylate on modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles, followed by its functionalization by amidation of the methyl ester groups using pentaethylenehexamine, to create active adsorption sites for removing anionic dyes from aqueous media. Physicochemical properties of the adsorbent were then characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA and CHN analysis. The prepared nanocomposite was used as adsorbent for the removal of anionic dyes, naphthol green B and chromeazurol S, from aqueous solution and assessed in view of the kinetics and isotherm adsorption, and the effect of solution pH, contact time and initial dye... 

Porous nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared using CaCO3 particles as solid porogens. The hydrogels were prepared by polymerization and grafting of acrylamide and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid onto the starch in the presence of CaCO3 and graphene oxide. CaCO3 solid porogens were then removed by washing with acid and porous structures were obtained. The prepared hydrogels were used as adsorbents for methylene blue as a model cationic dye; and a very high adsorption capacity, up to 714.29 mg g-1, was obtained. Kinetics and isotherms of adsorption and the effect of porosity of hydrogel as well as other experimental conditions were also investigated. The prepared adsorbents were... 

In this research, an efficient biosorption system was developed for methylene blue adsorption over in situ hydrothermally synthesized magnetite 4-hydroxybenzoic acid cellulose nanohybrid. The material was characterized with EDX, VSM, FT-IR, FESEM, and TEM techniques. Results showed that the nanohybrid is a micro-cluster composed of stacked nanoscale particles. Multivariate optimization with Box–Behnken design was used to evaluate effective parameters on adsorption and their interaction. Results showed that pH, shacking time, and adsorbent dosage are effective parameters on MB adsorption. Adsorption rate is fast with equilibrium time of 5.5 min. Isotherm study revealed that the adsorption... 

In this study, dynamic adsorption behavior of different gaseous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on a new modified M-MIL-101(Cr) was investigated with a great emphasis on gasoline adsorption. The M-MIL-101(Cr) was synthesized, along with comprehensive purification procedures, using a new linker to cluster molar ratio (2:1 instead of 1:1) and different modulators (i.e. HF and HNO3). All prepared adsorbents were characterized by XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM and N2 adsorption-desorption at 77 K. The results showed that surface area and pore volume of the M-MIL-101@Free (i.e. modified MIL-101(Cr) with using any modulator) which were 4293 m2/g and 2.43 cm3/g, greatly elevated up to 37.2% and 71.6% against... 

A series of novel chitosan/nanodiamond (CTS/ND) composites containing NDs with variable surface carboxyl groups and various concentrations were prepared using solution casting method. Powdery CTS/ND composites were employed as the adsorbent of a model anionic dye (methyl orange, MO). Experimental results showed that the incorporation of NDs with high carboxylic content (ND-H) in to CTS increased substantially the maximum adsorption capacity of neat CTS from 167 mg/g to 454 mg/g. The remarkable adsorption capacity of dye on CTS/ND composites was associated to the oxygen-containing groups on the outer surface of NDs which would be beneficial to interact with the dye molecules through hydrogen... 

In the present study the effect of nanodiamond (ND) on the adsorption capacity of Drug has been investigated. Thermal oxidation nanodiamond (OND) was used as adsorbents for Methotrexate adsorption. The surface properties of NDs were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and zeta potential. It was determined that thermal oxidation changed the surface properties of ND, including increase the amount of carboxylic acid groups and decreasing the zeta potential of ND by increasing the thermal oxidation time. The adsorption experiments showed that untreated ND (UND) has large adsorption capacity and fast adsorption kinetic for methotrexate (MTX). These results suggest that the... 

In this research, an adsorbent with manifold interplay sites for the adsorption of sulfur components is developed in a silver ion functionalized Cr3+ based metal-organic framework (MIL-101(Cr)-SO3Ag). The adsorption performance of MIL-101(Cr), MIL-101(Cr)-SO3H, and MIL-101(Cr)-SO3Ag was evaluated in dynamic adsorption system in terms of its adsorption capacity. MIL-101(Cr)-SO3Ag could interact with H2S through multiple ways which performed about 4 times higher adsorption capacity (96.75 mg/g) rather than MIL-101(Cr); further, the high adsorption capacity of MIL-101(Cr)-SO3Ag was almost unchanged after five successive adsorption–desorption cycles, making it a potential adsorbent for an... 

Poly (vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (PVA/GO) gamma irradiated nanocomposite films and hydrogels were prepared. In composite films, GO was initially irradiated by gamma ray in order to improve interactions between GO and PVA. The film containing 1 wt-% GO was very strong where tensile modulus and tensile yield strength were 45 and 115% higher than those of pure PVA. In the second set of experiments PVA/GO hydrogels were made by irradiating PVA/GO suspensions by gamma ray at various doses. It was an interesting finding that GO increased the gel portion of hydrogels through contribution of H-bonds between PVA and GO. The hydrogels prepared at 20 kGy had remarkable water swelling ratio that... 

Zeolite-based micromotors were developed to eliminate the biological and chemical contamination of water in a fast and efficient way. The motors consist of a silver-exchanged zeolite core and a partial catalytic coating. These porous engines showed rapid killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria cells in a very short time, less than 7.5 minutes. The heavy metal uptake of the zeolitic motors during the first 20 minutes of contact was considerably higher than that of zeolite particles by 23% for Pb2+, 19% for Co2+, and 16% for Ni2+. Also, the maximum removal efficiency of the motors (at room temperature and for 6 hours) for Pb2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ was 93%, 87%, and 78%, respectively, higher than... 

Since compactness is a disadvantageous characteristic of chitosan-based membranes, two different methods were used to increase the porosity of the chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyethyleneimine (CS/PVA/PEI) membrane, and its effect on copper ion adsorption was studied. In the first method, selective dissolution of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) induced porosity and for the second method, a mixed solvent system, which consists of a volatile solvent (acetone), was used to improve the porosity of the membrane. Different percentages of PVP showed inadequate performance, but acetone improved the operation efficiency of adsorption. The membranes were characterized by the analysis of FT-IR, SEM,... 

Application of construction and demolition (C&D) wastes were considered as sustainable development goals (SDGs) for maintaining raw materials. Also, lightweight concretes such as aerated autoclaved concrete (AAC) were used for partitioning spaces in the building industry. Moreover, the waste products of the mentioned materials were increased due to the rise of old construction demolitions. This study contributes a calcinated aerated autoclaved concrete (CAAC) which is efficient, powerful, highly rapid, non-expensive and novel adsorbent for the removal of cationic dyes including malachite green (MG), methyl violet (MV) and methylene blue (MB) form water samples. The impacts of different... 

We outline a comprehensive numerical procedure for modeling of species transport and surface reaction kinetics in electrokinetically actuated microfluidic devices of rectangular cross section. Our results confirm the findings of previous simplified approaches that a concentration wave is created for sufficiently long microreactors. An analytical solution, developed for the wave propagation speed, shows that, when normalizing with the fluid mean velocity, it becomes a function of three parameters comprising the channel aspect ratio, the relative adsorption capacity, and the kinetic equilibrium constant. Our studies also reveal that the reactor geometry idealized as a slit, instead of a... 

GAC has been modified by loading of potassium nickel hexacyanoferrate (KNiCF) as a new adsorbent for cesium adsorption. The potassium nickel hexacyanoferrate-loaded granular activated carbon (KNiCF-GAC) was characterized using powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm data, infrared spectroscopy, and its cesium adsorption performance in aqueous solution was investigated. The effect of the various parameters such as initial pH value of the solution, contact time, temperature, and initial concentration of the cesium ion on the adsorption efficiencies of KNiCF-GAC have been studied systematically by batch experiments. The adsorption isotherm of KNiCF-GAC was... 

Synthesis of dextran-graft-poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) gels as a new fluoride biosorbent was considered in this work. For this propose, the Taguchi experimental design method was used for optimizing the synthetic conditions of the gels to reach high level of fluoride absorbency. The effects of three main parameters including concentrations of monomer (hydroxyethyl methacrylate), crosslinking agent (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), and initiator (ammonium persulfate) on the final properties of the prepared gels were investigated. The proposed mechanism for grafting and chemically crosslinking reactions was proved with equilibrium water absorption, Fourier-transformed infrared, scanning...