Sharif Digital Repository

In software programs, most of the time, there is a chance of error, even though they are tested carefully. Finding error-related pieces of code is one of the most complicated tasks and it can make incorrect results if done manually. Semi-automated and fully-automated methods have been introduced to overcome this issue. The rapid growth of developing Smart Mobile Applications (SMAs) in recent years, competition among the development teams and many other factors have increased the chance of errors, and hence, the quality of these applications have reduced. There are two approaches to test SMAs in order to reach a high degree of quality: (i) using existing traditional methods and adapting them... 

We investigate the stochasticity in temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe. We show that the angular fluctuation of the temperature is a Markov process with a Markov angular scale, ΘMarkov = 1.01 -0.07+0.09. We characterize the complexity of the CMB fluctuations by means of a Fokker-Planck or Langevin equation and measure the associated Kramers-Moyal coefficients for the fluctuating temperature field T (n̂)and its increment, ∇ T = T(n̂2). Through this method we show that temperature fluctuations in the CMB have fat tails compared to a Gaussian distribution. © 2006 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA  

We use multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA), to study sunspot number fluctuations. The result of the MF-DFA shows that there are three crossover timescales in the fluctuation function. We discuss how the existence of the crossover timescales is related to a sinusoidal trend. Using Fourier detrended fluctuation analysis, the sinusoidal trend is eliminated. The Hurst exponent of the time series without the sinusoidal trend is 0.12 ± 0.01. Also we find that these fluctuations have multifractal nature. Comparing the MF-DFA results for the remaining data set to those for shuffled and surrogate series, we conclude that its multifractal nature is almost entirely due to long range... 

In this paper, different polymers are utilized for controlling the release rate of iodine in drinking water to counteract iodine deficiency. Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer are used to fabricate polymeric reservoirs of Nal. Zero-order release kinetics with different release rates has been achieved through choosing different materials and various formulation factors. The experimental results are consistent with the expectation that by using a polymer with a greater permeability or a device with a large release area, higher release rate could be achieved  

Object-oriented application frameworks, such as Java Swing, provide reusable code and design for implementing domain-specific concepts, such as Context Menu, in software applications. Hence, use of such frameworks not only can decrease the time and the cost of developing new software applications, but also can increase their maintainability. However, the main problems of using object-oriented application frameworks are their large and complex APIs, and often incomplete user manuals. To mitigate these problems, developers often try to learn how to implement their desired concepts from available sample applications. Nonetheless, this introduces another hard and time-consuming challenge which... 

The increasing demand on execution of large-scale Cloud workflow applications which need a robust and elastic computing infrastructure usually lead to the use of high-performance Grid computing clusters. As the owners of Cloud applications expect to fulfill the requested Quality of Services (QoS) by the Grid environment, an adaptive scheduling mechanism is needed which enables to distribute a large number of related tasks with different computational and communication demands on multi-cluster Grid computing environments. Addressing the problem of scheduling large-scale Cloud workflow applications onto multi-cluster Grid environment regarding the QoS constraints declared by application's... 

It is now a common approach pursued by programmers to develop new software systems using Object-Oriented Application Frameworks such as Spring, Struts and, Eclipse. This improves the quality and the maintainability of the code. Furthermore, it reduces development cost and time. However, the main problem is that these frameworks usually have a complicated Application Programming Interface (API), and typically suffer from the lack of enough documentation and appropriate user manuals. To solve these problems, programmers often refer to existing sample applications of those frameworks to learn how to implement the desired functionality in their own code. This is called the Monkey See, Monkey Do... 

Object-oriented frameworks are widely used to develop new applications. They provide reusable concepts that are instantiated in application code through potentially complex implementation steps such as subclassing, implementing interfaces, and calling framework operations. Unfortunately, many modern frameworks are difficult to use because of their large and complex APIs and frequently incomplete user documentation. To cope with these problems, developers often use existing framework applications as a guide. However, locating concept implementations in those sample applications is typically challenging due to code tangling and scattering. To address this challenge, we introduce the notion of... 

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are promising materials for various biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery and imaging, hyperthermia, magneto-transfections, gene therapy, stem cell tracking, molecular/cellular tracking, magnetic separation technologies (e.g. rapid DNA sequencing), and detection of liver and lymph node metastases. The most recent applications for SPIONs for early detection of inflammatory, cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis have also increased their popularity in academia. In order to increase the efficacy of SPIONs in the desired applications, especial surface coating/characteristics are required. The aim of this article is to review... 

The molecular Hamiltonian of polyatomic molecules has been obtained. A general choice of internal coordinates depending on external parameters was considered. The rovibrational Hamiltonian for this set of coordinate system was derived in general terms as a function of the external parameters a and b. This procedure is also applicable to various kinds of internal coordinates in a straightforward way. The rovibrational Hamiltonian of triatomic molecules is considered as an application of this general formulation. In addition, orthogonal Radau coordinates are considered as cases of this new approach  

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are promising materials for various biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery and imaging, hyperthermia, magneto-transfections, gene therapy, stem cell tracking, molecular/cellular tracking, magnetic separation technologies (e.g. rapid DNA sequencing), and detection of liver and lymph node metastases. The most recent applications for SPIONs for early detection of inflammatory, cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis have also increased their popularity in academia. In order to increase the efficacy of SPIONs in the desired applications, especial surface coating/characteristics are required. The aim of this article is to review... 

With technology advances and the emergence of new fabrication and VLSI technologies, current and future chip multiprocessors (CMPs) are expected to have tens to hundreds of processing elements and Gigabytes of on-chip caches, which are connected by a high bandwidth network-on-chip (NoC). Unfortunately, due to limited power budget of a computing system, specially for its processing element(s), it is impossible to keep all cores, caches, and network elements working at highest voltage level—that would resulted in dark silicon computing era, where by employing system-level or architecture-level techniques, one can keep a great portion of a CMP elements OFF (or in dim mode) to meet the power... 

The effects of hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanosilica (SiO2) on the morphology, mean diameter distribution of fibers, mechanical and piezoelectric properties of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers were studies. We prepared Nanofibers by the electrospinning of PVDF solutions containing 1.5 wt.% both hydrophilic and hydrophobic nano-SiO2 loadings. Morphology and diameter distribution of the electrospun nanofibers were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis. Tensile test was used to study the effect of both types of nanosilica on the tensile strength, young's modulus and strain at break. Piezoelectric characterization of the electrospun fibers were... 

The widespread growth of Big Data and the evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies enable cities to obtain valuable intelligence from a large amount of real-time produced data. In a Smart City, various IoT devices generate streams of data continuously which need to be analyzed within a short period of time; using some Big Data technique. Distributed stream processing frameworks (DSPFs) have the capacity to handle real-time data processing for Smart Cities. In this paper, we examine the applicability of employing distributed stream processing frameworks at the data processing layer of Smart City and appraising the current state of their adoption and maturity among the IoT... 

In order to improve the communications inside and outside the enterprise, efficient utilization of enterprise capitals and make improvements in the services and products of enterprise, many enterprises have turned to use enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. On the other hand, the more the role of knowledge assets in enterprises grows, the higher the position of knowledge management (KM) in the enterprises becomes and it gradually becomes fundamental to success. The role of knowledge management in today’s knowledge-based world has attracted considerable attention to this topic in industry and academia. The use of ERP and knowledge management in enterprises for the continuation of... 

The present study is undertaken to calculate the rate of change of pressure and residual air mass in die casting for vacuum venting under choked flow conditions. In these calculations, the influence of friction factor, due to roughness and vent air velocity change through the Mach number, has been taken into account. The results show that there is a critical area ratio below which the pressure and vent inlet Mach number increase with time and above which decrease with time. In addition, for an area ratio less than the critical area, the rate of change of residual air mass seems to be more changed at the late stages than at the early stages of the filling time. The picture is reversed for a...