Sharif Digital Repository

In this study, operation of the contact Cylindrical Capacitive Sensor (CCS) for the reactance capacitance measurement of the water liquids by using the charge/discharge measurement module is investigated. The effect of geometric factor on the capacitance measurement of different liquid samples is also studied. The measured capacitances for the distilled, mineral, tap and salt water samples are reported by using two contact CCSs with the active length of 16 and 74 mm. The measured capacitances by small contact CCS for the saltwater is 1.76 uF and by big contact CCS is 47.8 uF, which shows a big difference for different probes. In another study, the effects of the liquid conductance on the... 

In this study, design and operation of a cylindrical capacitive sensor based on the dielectric and reactance capacitance changes of the gap medium is reported. The proposed system was used to determine the electrical properties of different water liquids as a result of the capacitance variations. For capacitance measurement, the cylindrical gap can be filled up by water liquids under study, the electrical characteristics of different water liquids, mixture of ethanol and water, mixture of methanol and water, mixture of petroleum and water and other liquid mixtures were studied. In this research a big difference about 16200 nF was noticed in the measured capacitance of the corresponding... 

In this study electrical properties of different water liquids at frequency range of 100-2000 Hz are investigated by using the short invasive and non-invasive cylindrical capacitive sensors (CCSs). Operation of the capacitance measurement module for such probes is based on the auto balancing bridge method. Comparison of the measured capacitances and measured resistances for different water liquids shows decrease by increasing the frequency. In another study the dielectric constant of distilled water, mineral water, tap water and salt water are measured. The effects of the frequency on the resistivity, permittivity and conductance of the different water liquids are also investigated  

In this study by using a Cylindrical Capacitive Sensor (CCS), the Electrical Conductivity (EC), effects on the capacitance measurements of the water liquids was investigated. Theoretical values of the capacitance measurements of water liquids with the cylindrical length in the range 0.5-5 cm are calculated. Our obtained results indicate that measured capacitance value by CCS depends on the liquid capacitance and reactance capacitance. Liquid capacitance value of the distilled water for permittivity of 80 is about 33.5 pF and reactance capacitance value is about 0.290 μF, when the cylindrical length value is about 1.6 cm. The reactance capacitance for the mineral, tap and dilute salt water... 

In this paper, the reduced master equation which is a fast simulation method of spin dependent transport in ferromagnetic single electron transistors is presented, for first time. This simulation method follows steady state master equation in which all charge states of the system are considered, whereas charge states are decreased in reduced master equation. This method is based on two degrees of electron freedom which are charge and spin. This is applied in the condition that orthodox tunneling theory is applicable to calculate the tunneling rate of electrons through barriers. The comparison between the I-V characteristics of a ferromagnetic single-electron transistor by following the... 

In this study design and operation of invasive and non-invasive cylindrical capacitive sensor (CCS) designs for the electrical measurements of water, water solutions, and water mixtures are reported. Operation of the capacitance measurement module for such probes is based on the charge/discharge method. The measured capacitances and resistances for distilled water, mineral water, tap water and salt water samples are reported by using two sensor types and results are compared. The measured capacitance by invasive CCS for distilled water is about 2.28 μF and by non-invasive CCS is 31.40 pF, which shows a big difference for different probes. Such a difference is due to the electrical... 

To get a more accurate model for simulation of single electron transistors (SETs), we have proposed a new macromodel that includes the ability of electron tunneling time calculation. In our proposed model, we have modified the previous models and applied some basic corrections to their formulas. In addition, we have added a switched capacitor circuit, as a quantizer, to calculate the electron tunneling time. We used HSPICE for high-speed simulation and observed that the simulation results obtained from our model matched more closely with that of SIMON 2.0. We also could evaluate the time of electron tunneling through the barrier by using the quantizer. Clearly, our macro-model gives more...