Sharif Digital Repository

Tailings dams are considered as one of the most important geotechnical structures and due to the large amount of contaminated tailings deposited behind the dam, any failure of these structures, apart from loss of lives and properties, can be an environmental disaster. Researches show that most of the failure incidents in the last few decades have happened in tailings dams constructed using upstream method. As a result, it is of great significance to study the stability of upstream tailings dams.
The place of the phreatic line in the dam body plays a critical role in stability of tailings dams. Soil-atmosphere interaction effects such as precipitation, runoff, interception, infiltration,... 

Submerging of the Micro-beam of the AFM is indispensible in case of imaging bio-samples. (Bio-samples are unstable in non-aquos environment.), so hydrodynamical interaction of liquid and beam (viscous and meniscus forces) will result into quality factor decrease. This will cause image resolution decrement as well as damage to the sample because of large tip-sample forces during imaging of the bio-samples. The proposed method “Trolling mode AFM” keeps the micro-beam of the AFM out of the liquid, by adding a nano-needle to the end of the AFM tip. This would lead to resolve the aforementioned problems. Modeling of a part of the operation of this mechanism was done in this thesis, in order to...