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cardiovascular
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An age index for vascular system based on photoplethysmogram pulse contour analysis
, Article IFMBE Proceedings ; Volume 21 IFMBE, Issue 1 , 2008 , Pages 125-128 ; 16800737 (ISSN); 9783540691389 (ISBN) ; Mohd Ali, M. A ; Zahedi, E ; Sharif University of Technology
Springer Verlag
2008
Abstract
An approach based pulse on contour analysis is proposed for the development of an aging index for the vascular system. The approach is non-invasive, using photoplethysmography (PPG), which is in wide clinical use. A probe is applied to the subject's finger-tip to provide a measure of the pulse waveform. The measured waveforms are filtered, digitized and post-processed. Individual pulses are extracted and the best pulse was selected by using the best pulse selection algorithm. Pulse contour analysis is then performed with specially formulated PPG fitness equation. Results of measurements taken from 72 subjects are reported. The age range of the subjects was from 19 to 68 years, all of them...
Modeling of the Cardiovascular System using Breathing Stimuli for Evaluation of the Autonomic Nervous System
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Zahedi, Edmond (Supervisor) ; Jehed, Mehran (Supervisor) ; Zarzoso, Vicente (Supervisor)
Abstract
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls involuntary activities of the body, e.g. heartbeat function and blood circulation. Common tests used for evaluation of the functionality of ANS system in regulation of the cardiovascular system include heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and studying the changes in heart rate or blood pressure during deep respiration, sit-to-stand or head-up tilt table test and Valsalva maneuver. Test parameters affect the amplitude of the variations of the cardiovascular signals. Therefore, in the recent years, analysis and modeling of the interaction between the relevant signals, e.g. heart rate, blood pressure and respiration, have been widely used for the...
A clinical decision support system based on support vector machine and binary particle swarm optimisation for cardiovascular disease diagnosis
, Article International Journal of Data Mining and Bioinformatics ; Volume 15, Issue 4 , 2016 , Pages 312-327 ; 17485673 (ISSN) ; Shavandi, H ; Sadeghi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Inderscience Enterprises Ltd
2016
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have been known as one of the main reasons of mortality all around the world. Nevertheless, this disease is preventable if it can be diagnosed in an early stage. Therefore, it is crucial to develop Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) that are able to help physicians diagnose the disease and its related risks. This study focuses on cardiovascular disease diagnosis in an Iranian community by developing a CDSS, based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) combined with Binary Particle Swarm Optimisation (BPSO). We used SVM as the classifier and benefited enormously from optimisation capabilities of BPSO in model development as well as feature selection. Finally,...
Exact simulating of human arteries using lumped model and probing constriction in femoral and carotid arteries
, Article American Journal of Applied Sciences ; Volume 6, Issue 5 , 2009 , Pages 834-842 ; 15469239 (ISSN) ; Ghasemalizadeh, O ; Firoozabadi, B ; Sharif University of Technology
2009
Abstract
Problem statement: Modeling Human cardiovascular system was always an important issue from long past because by doing such modeling, investigation in cardiovascular system and its abnormities would be simpler. One of the most effective ways to do such modeling is using lumped method (Electrical analogy). Approach: Lumped method was used for simulating a complete model in this approach. A 36-vessel model was chosen to make equivalent circuit of lumped method from it. This complicated circuit includes equivalent segment for arteries, pulmonary, atrium, left and right ventricles. Furthermore, in this complex circuit some additional points were considered to improve this method. Some of the most...
Conceptual modeling of cardiovascular sounds
, Article 2005 27th Annual International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE-EMBS 2005, Shanghai, 1 September 2005 through 4 September 2005 ; Volume 7 VOLS , 2005 , Pages 2308-2311 ; 05891019 (ISSN); 0780387406 (ISBN); 9780780387409 (ISBN) ; Tehrani Fard, A. A ; Sharif University of Technology
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc
2005
Abstract
In this paper, it is shown that the main source of mechanical energy of cardiovascular (CV) system i.e., rhythmic heart contraction is transformed to the oscillations of the CV walls and blood flow, and finally CV acoustical waves. These waves propagate through both blood flow (hemodynamical pathways) and tissues (viscoelastical pathways) toward the skin. Nonetheless, the CV walls could be assumed as the source of acoustical waves, since they act as the interface between blood flows and other tissues including skin. After obtaining the approximate accelerations of CV walls from pressure-flow (PF) models, we also needed to model the viscoelastical pathways until the skin. Some improvements on...
A Physiological model-based study of flow-mediated dilation in peripheral arteries using finger photoplethysmogram signal
, Article 2017 24th Iranian Conference on Biomedical Engineering and 2017 2nd International Iranian Conference on Biomedical Engineering, ICBME 2017, 30 November 2017 through 1 December 2017 ; 2018 ; 9781538636091 (ISBN) ; Zahedi, E ; Vosoughi Vahdat, B ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Flow-mediated dilation measurement in the brachial artery using ultrasound imaging (FMD-US) is a common noninvasive procedure for endothelial function evaluation in the peripheral arteries. As FMD-US is operator-dependent and involves onerous equipment, its use has been mostly confined to research settings. In this paper, we propose to use the more accessible finger photoplethysmogram signal in conjunction with the FMD test (FMD-PPG) as a surrogate method. To this end, a tube-load physiological model of the upper arterial path in the arm is developed. Signals acquired from young and elderly subjects (N=20) are then investigated using model parameter estimation by the genetic algorithm. Our...
Numerical Multiscale Modelingof Cardiovascular System
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Firoozabadi, Bahar (Supervisor) ; Saeedi, Mohammad Saeed (Supervisor)
Abstract
One of the main reasons of brain attack is stenosis in Carotid bifurcation. As a result, it's a major field of interest for a large group of scientists including medical doctors and engineers. In the engineering fields a large number of studies have been done on this topic based on Numerical Simulation. As blood boundary conditions in this region strictly depend on the rest of the body's vascular system, the problem is the definition of the boundary condition in this approach. In addition, because of lack of enough hardware sources simulation of the whole blood system is impossible; thus the rest of the system should be simulated based on radical methods with less details. In this project a...
Effects of physical exercise on the photoplethysmogram waveform
, Article 2007 5th Student Conference on Research and Development, SCORED, Selangor, 11 December 2007 through 12 December 2007 ; 2007 ; 1424414709 (ISBN); 9781424414703 (ISBN) ; Zahedi, E ; Mohd Ali, M. A ; Sharif University of Technology
2007
Abstract
Photoplethysmography is a non-invasive method which is suitable to estimate vascular compliance. Photoplethysmogram (PPG) waveform has been used to evaluate vascular characteristic changes due to exercise. Quantification of the primary and secondary peak position is of interest as a potential objective, individualized measure of the level of exercise that a subject has achieved with respect to a baseline status, prior to the beginning of the exercise session. The modified bicycle ergonomic protocol was selected for this experiment. Two different signal processing methods were employed in processing the PPG waveform to characterize its changes through a single parameter. Both, the visual...
An optimum design and simulation of an innovative mobile robotic nurse unit to assist paraplegic patients
, Article Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics 2004, ICM'04, Istanbul, 3 June 2004 through 5 June 2004 ; 2004 , Pages 141-147 ; 0780385993 (ISBN) ; Hosseinkhannazer, H ; Selkghafari, A ; Sharif University of Technology
2004
Abstract
This paper describes a nursing robot system currently under development at the Center of Excellence in Design, Robotics and Automation. Our goal was to design and fabricate of a robot specifically for paraplegic patients and the design procedure led to a plan which can be employed in any hospital environment. Through the design procedure, the team members conducted a survey on the robot client's needs and disabilities which provided a unique view on mechanical design features, in addition to, performing dynamical analysis on the designed mechanisms. Dynamical Simulation of mechanisms helped us to find the best design and solutions as well as optimization of parts has resulted in a matchless...
Synthetic ECG generation and bayesian filtering using a Gaussian wave-based dynamical model
, Article Physiological Measurement ; Volume 31, Issue 10 , 2010 , Pages 1309-1329 ; 09673334 (ISSN) ; Shamsollahi, M. B ; Clifford, G. D ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a Gaussian wave-based state space to model the temporal dynamics of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. It is shown that this model may be effectively used for generating synthetic ECGs as well as separate characteristic waves (CWs) such as the atrial and ventricular complexes. The model uses separate state variables for each CW, i.e. P, QRS and T, and hence is capable of generating individual synthetic CWs as well as realistic ECG signals. The model is therefore useful for generating arrhythmias. Simulations of sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, ventricular flutter, atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia are presented. In addition, discrete versions of...
Analysis of the effect of ageing on rising edge characteristics of the photoplethysmogram using a modified windkessel model
, Article Cardiovascular Engineering ; Volume 7, Issue 4 , 2007 , Pages 172-181 ; 15678822 (ISSN) ; Chellappan, K ; Mohd Ali, M. A ; Singh, H ; Sharif University of Technology
2007
Abstract
Ageing is one of the main contributing factors towards increasing arterial stiffness, leading to changes in peripheral pulses propagation. Therefore the characteristics of the photoplethysmogram (PPG) pulse, especially the rising edge and peak position, are greatly affected. In this study, the PPG pulse rising edge and corresponding peak position have been investigated non-invasively in human subjects as a function of age. Fifteen healthy subjects were selected and grouped in five age intervals, from 20 to 59 years, based on their comparable systolic-diastolic blood pressure and PPG amplitude. As expected, the peripheral pulse shows a steep rise and early peak in younger subjects. With age,...
Healthy and diseasedin vitromodels of vascular systems
, Article Lab on a Chip ; Volume 21, Issue 4 , 2021 , Pages 641-659 ; 14730197 (ISSN) ; Mallone, A ; Nasrollahi, F ; Ostrovidov, S ; Nasiri, R ; Mahmoodi, M ; Haghniaz, R ; Baidya, A ; Salek, M. M ; Darabi, M. A ; Orive, G ; Shamloo, A ; Dokmeci, M. R ; Ahadian, S ; Khademhosseini, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Royal Society of Chemistry
2021
Abstract
Irregular hemodynamics affects the progression of various vascular diseases, such atherosclerosis or aneurysms. Despite the extensive hemodynamics studies on animal models, the inter-species differences between humans and animals hamper the translation of such findings. Recent advances in vascular tissue engineering and the suitability ofin vitromodels for interim analysis have increased the use ofin vitrohuman vascular tissue models. Although the effect of flow on endothelial cell (EC) pathophysiology and EC-flow interactions have been vastly studied in two-dimensional systems, they cannot be used to understand the effect of other micro- and macro-environmental parameters associated with...
Simulating the Effect of Cuff Pressure on Brachial Artery for Calculating the Photoplethysmography(PPG) Singnal
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Firoozabadi, Bahar (Supervisor) ; Saeedi, Mohammad Saeed (Supervisor)
Abstract
One of the most important reasons of death in today’s world is the diseases related to cardiovascular system. Hypercholesterolemia is one of the most common forms of these diseases. There are a lot of experiments for diagnosing this disease, which are classified into two groups: invasive and noninvasive experiments. One of the well-known noninvasive experiments in this area is the photoplethysmography in which the changes of the photoplethysmography signal can reveal some valuable information about the cardiovascular system’s health.The objective of this study is to simulate the photoplethysmography experiment considering the clinical conditions of the experiment. In this work, the obtained...
Drug Delivery in Cardiovascular System with Multi Scale Approach
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Vosughi, Manouchehr (Supervisor) ; Saeedi, Mohammad Saeed (Supervisor) ; Firoozabadi, Bahar (Supervisor)
Abstract
Particle retention and clearance is a major concern in the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Inhaled materials into the nasal and lung airways include gases/vapors, liquid droplets and soluble/insoluble particulate matter which can be toxic or therapeutic (or both). For example, nanoparticles (NPs), as part of nanomedicine, are now being used as drug carriers for passive and active targeting of solid tumors and inflamed tissue. However, natural and especially manmade NPs can also be harmful, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), asbestos fibers and ambient toxic pollutants, based on epidemiological and pathological studies of occupational and environmental exposures. In fact, ultrafine particles...
Numerical and One Dimensional Modeling of Cardiovascular System Along with Lumped Parameter Modeling of the Heart
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Firoozabadi, Bahar (Supervisor) ; Saidi, Mohammad Saeed (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. In order to prevent or reduce these diseases, engineers and scientists are concerned to find solutions. In this way, it is important to know about the blood flow and its changes in various diseases. By using simulation methods, diagnosis can be very easier. In this study, a system of arterial tree consisting of 93 systemic arteries along with 7 pulmonary arteries is considered. In other words, this model contains 100 systemic and pulmonary arteries that encompass central and peripheral arteries. Other parts of this model are cerebral vasculature and coronary arteries. Cerebral arteries, also called circle of...
LVAD Functional and Transient Response Analysis and Control
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Jahed, Mehran (Supervisor)
Abstract
When heart failure occurred, revascularization to body’s organs and consequently covering the metabolic demands of different sections faces with problem. Chronic heart failure is the first reason of mortality all over the world. Traditional treatment for CHF at end stage is heart transplantation. But some of patients don’t have the opportunity to benefit from heart transplantation because of aging, health conditions and lack of donors. On the other hand, Left Ventricular Assist Devices that are using for supporting a ventricle suffering from failure face with basic chalanges for example, backflow in lower speeds and suction in higher speed. These constrictions necessitate maximum and minimum...
Synthesis and Implementation of Metal-organic Frameworks Based on Chromium Metal Salt in μ-solid Phase Extraction of Anti-hypertension Drugs in Biological Samples
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Bagheri, Habib (Supervisor)
Abstract
Several metal-organic frameworks based on chromium metal salt and terephthalic acid were synthesized by the solvo-thermal method and modified directly using amino acids or their imidazole derivatives. Suitable characteristics of the synthesized novel MOFs led to their use as novel extracting phases for sample preparation. The sorbent’s performance in extracting anti-hypertension drugs such as eprosartan, losartan and valsartan was tested using the magnetic solid phase extraction which is a form of μ-SPE, followed by HPLC analysis. Different parameters effecting the extraction and desorption procedures were optimized to achieve the highest performance of extraction and sensitivity. Said...
Predicting Imbalanced Data Using Machine Learning Approaches: a Case Study of Heart Patients
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Khedmati, Majid (Supervisor)
Abstract
One of the challenging issues in machine learning is the problem of data imbalance. Data imbalance occurs when the number of samples from one or more classes significantly exceeds or falls behind that of other classes. The existence of data imbalance in a dataset often leads to misleading accuracy of models, inadequate prediction of minority class, and a lack of generalization. Data imbalance can be observed in various datasets such as fraud detection, disease diagnosis, email spam detection, and fake news detection. To address this issue, various methods have been proposed, categorized into four groups: data-level, algorithm-level, cost-sensitive, and ensemble approaches. In this study, two...
Modeling of photoplethysmography signal for quantitative analysis of endothelial cells during reactive hyperemia
, Article 2012 19th Iranian Conference of Biomedical Engineering, ICBME 2012 ; 2012 , Pages 174-178 ; 9781467331302 (ISBN) ; Firoozabadi, B ; Saidi, M. S ; Sharif University of Technology
2012
Abstract
In this study, at first the cardiovascular system is modeled based on the 1D method and then the simulation of the reactive hyperemia experiment has been applied on the model. In this simulation, by applying a cuff at the brachial artery, the flow downstream of the cuff is occluded. Then with releasing the cuff immediately, a large amount of shear stress, about 4 times the basal amount, is applied downstream of the cuff and consequently to the endothelial cells in a very short moment. Considering a reported experimental transfer function between shear stress and vasodilation, the increase of the artery diameter due to the sudden increase of the shear stress is obtained. Finally, the...
Definition and comparison of a new vascular index between young healthy and aged subjects
, Article IECBES 2014, Conference Proceedings - 2014 IEEE Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences: "Miri, Where Engineering in Medicine and Biology and Humanity Meet", 8 December 2014 through 10 December 2014 ; 2015 , Pages 911-915 ; 9781479940844 (ISBN) ; Zahedi, E ; Mohd Ali, M. A ; Sharif University of Technology
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc
2015
Abstract
In an effort to identify a useful noninvasive screening tool for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) screening, photoplethysmograph (PPG) signals were acquired and analyzed. These PPG signals were recorded during reactive hyperemia experiments consisting of a 4-minute blood flow blockage of the right arm (RA) brachial artery (BA) using a blood pressure cuff inflator. This procedure is usually done for the assessment of endothelial dysfunction which is a risk factor for developing CVD. In this study, signals of the infrared (IR) and red (R) LED's of the PPG sensor were analyzed. These signals were preprocessed, normalized and slow varying component of the signal (DC values) and the pulsatile...