Sharif Digital Repository

We proposed a model to investigate the transient diffusion of drug (sulphate) into the intervertebral disc. Using finite element method, drug diffusion was simulated and the concentration of diffused drug in each region of disc including Nucleus pulpous (NP), Inner annulus fibroses (IA), and Outer annulus fibroses (OA) was measured. In addition, to investigate the role of CEP permeability on the amount of diffused drug, model was simulated with different cartilage endplate (CEP) permeability. Having obtained concentration distribution for different cases, it was clearly shown that the amount of diffused drug is affected by the endplate permeability and the more permeable CEP, the more... 

The curve of exhaled inert gas concentration against exhaled volume is called gas washout curve. The slope at the end part of gas washout curve (Sn) is a measure of structural abnormalities. Sn depends on the spatial concentration distribution and dynamic of gas washout, which depends on several mechanisms including asymmetry of airways, nonhomogeneous ventilation, sequential emptying, and gas exchange with blood. Due to a large number of airways in human lungs, using simplified models is inevitable. On the other hand, these simplified models cannot capture some of the mentioned mechanisms and subsequently were not able to predict experimental trend of change in Sn with breath number in... 

The curve of exhaled inert gas concentration against exhaled volume is called gas washout curve. The slope at the end part of gas washout curve (Sn) is a measure of structural abnormalities. Sn depends on the spatial concentration distribution and dynamic of gas washout, which depends on several mechanisms including asymmetry of airways, nonhomogeneous ventilation, sequential emptying, and gas exchange with blood. Due to a large number of airways in human lungs, using simplified models is inevitable. On the other hand, these simplified models cannot capture some of the mentioned mechanisms and subsequently were not able to predict experimental trend of change in Sn with breath number in... 

The Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)–discrete element method (DEM) numerical simulation may be applied to predict the hydrodynamic behavior of dense particle–fluid flows. The main drawback of this simulation is the long computational time required owing to the large number of particles and the minute time-step required to maintain a stable solution. In this work, a new method to improve the efficiency and accuracy of CFD–DEM simulations is presented. The particle stiffness coefficient is used as a flexible parameter to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the model. The particle concentration distribution results are compared with experimental one’s to derive the optimum effective... 

The Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)–discrete element method (DEM) numerical simulation may be applied to predict the hydrodynamic behavior of dense particle–fluid flows. The main drawback of this simulation is the long computational time required owing to the large number of particles and the minute time-step required to maintain a stable solution. In this work, a new method to improve the efficiency and accuracy of CFD–DEM simulations is presented. The particle stiffness coefficient is used as a flexible parameter to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the model. The particle concentration distribution results are compared with experimental one’s to derive the optimum effective... 

Generally speaking, most micro-fluidic mixing systems are limited to the low Reynolds number regime in which diffusion dominates convection, and consequently the mixing process tends to be slow and it takes a relatively long time to have two fluids completely mixed. Therefore, rapid mixing is essential in micro-fluidic systems. In order to hasten the mixing process in micro scale, in this study we come up with a novel scheme for a two dimensional micro-fluidic mixer which encompasses three pairs of electrodes, one pair embedded in the mixing chamber and two pairs located in the micro-channels before and after the mixing chamber. The width of the middle pair is assumed to be twice of the... 

In this study the kinetic modeling of visbreaking reactions for a number of vacuum residue feeds was investigated using available experimental data from the literature. A continuous lumping model was developed for kinetic analysis of visbreaking reactions. The normalized boiling point was used to describe each feed as a continuous mixture and the concentration distribution of the mixture would change under reaction conditions. A continuous model with five adjustable parameters was used to describe visbreaking reactions, and these parameters were optimized for each feed for reaction temperatures in the range of 400-430 C using available experimental data. The model was able to accurately... 

In this study, the unsteady three dimensional nanofluid flow, heat and mass transfer in a rotating system in the presence of an externally applied uniform vertical magnetic field is investigated. This study has different applications in rotating magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) energy generators for new space systems and also thermal conversion mechanisms for nuclear propulsion space vehicles. The important effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis have been included in the model of nanofluid. The governing equations are non-dimensionalized using geometrical and physical flow field-dependent parameters. The velocity profiles in radial, tangential and axial directions, pressure gradient,... 

In this study, the unsteady three dimensional nanofluid flow, heat and mass transfer in a rotating system in the presence of an externally applied uniform vertical magnetic field is investigated. This study has different applications in rotating magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) energy generators for new space systems and also thermal conversion mechanisms for nuclear propulsion space vehicles. The important effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis have been included in the model of nanofluid. The governing equations are non-dimensionalized using geometrical and physical flow field-dependent parameters. The velocity profiles in radial, tangential and axial directions, pressure gradient,... 

The viscoelasticity effects on the reaction-diffusion rates in a Y-shaped microreactor are studied utilizing the PTT rheological model. The flow is assumed to be fully developed and considered to be created under a combined action of electroosmotic and pressure forces. In general, finite-volume-based numerical simulations are conducted to handle the problem; however, analytical solutions based on the depthwise averaging approach are also obtained for the case for which there is no reaction between the inlet components. The analytical solutions are found to predict accurate results when the width to height ratio is at least 10 and acceptable results for lower aspect ratios. An investigation... 

Microfluidic cell culture platforms are ideal candidates for modeling the native tumor microenvironment because they can precisely reconstruct in vivo cellular behavior. Moreover, mathematical modeling of tumor growth can pave the way toward description and prediction of growth pattern as well as improving cancer treatment. In this study, a modified mathematical model based on concentration distribution is applied to tumor growth in both conventional static culture and dynamic microfluidic cell culture systems. Apoptosis and necrosis mechanisms are considered as the main inhibitory factors in the model, while tumor growth rate and nutrient consumption rate are modified in both quiescent and... 

In this study, the effect of distance-dependent dispersion coefficients on density-driven flow is investigated. The linear asymptotic model, which assumes that dispersivities increase linearly with distance from the source of contamination and reach asymptotic values at a large asymptotic distance, is employed. An in-house numerical model is adapted to handle distance-dependent dispersion. The effect of asymptotic-dispersion on aquifer contamination is analyzed for two tests: (i) a seawater intrusion problem in a coastal aquifer and (ii) a leachate transport problem from a surface deposit site. Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) combined with the Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) surrogate...