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Recovery of cooling tower blowdown water for reuse: the investigation of different types of pretreatment prior nanofiltration and reverse osmosis
, Article Journal of Water Process Engineering ; Volume 10 , 2016 , Pages 188-199 ; 22147144 (ISSN) ; Borghei, S. M ; Vatanpour, V ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
The suitability of two different pretreatment methods, i.e., coagulation-filtration and ultrafiltration (UF), and two final membrane treatment technologies, namely nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO), for desalination of a cooling tower blowdown (CTBD) was investigated. Particular attention was paid to ensuring that the best pretreatment method could enhance the permeate flux and lifespan of the NF and RO membranes and decrease the membranes' fouling characteristics. Furthermore, the difference of NF and RO performances in CTBD treatment was investigated. In order to find the most appropriate type of coagulant, coagulant dosage, pH and co-coagulant dosage, 21 jar tests were...