Sharif Digital Repository

Expanding on [1], we analyze in detail the single field chaotic inflationary models plus a cosine modulation term, augmented by a light scalar field with inflaton dependent oscillatory mass term. We work out in detail the Feynman diagrams and compute one, two and in general estimate higher loop two and three point functions in the in-in formulation. We explicitly establish how the oscillatory mass term can amplify one-loop effects to dominate over the tree as well as the higher loop contributions. The power spectrum of curvature perturbations of this model is hence enhanced compared to the simple single field chaotic model. As a consequence, one can suppress the tensor to scalar ratio r and... 

We investigate the parameter spaces of hybrid inflation model with special attention paid to the dynamics of waterfall field and curvature perturbations induced from its quantum fluctuations. Depending on the inflaton field value at the time of phase transition and the sharpness of the phase transition inflation can have multiple extended stages. We find that for models with mild phase transition the induced curvature perturbation from the waterfall field is too large to satisfy the COBE normalization. We investigate the model parameter space where the curvature perturbations from the waterfall quantum fluctuations vary between the results of standard hybrid inflation and the results... 

The celebrated Weinberg theorem in cosmological perturbation theory states that there always exist two adiabatic scalar modes in which the comoving curvature perturbation is conserved on super-horizon scales. In particular, when the perturbations are generated from a single source, such as in single field models of inflation, both of the two allowed independent solutions are adiabatic and conserved on super-horizon scales. There are few known examples in literature which violate this theorem. We revisit the theorem and specify the loopholes in some technical assumptions which violate the theorem in models of non-attractor inflation, fluid inflation, solid inflation and in the model of pseudo... 

We present the model-independent studies of non attractor inflation in the context of effective field theory (EFT) of inflation. Within the EFT approach two independent branches of non-attractor inflation solutions are discovered in which a near scale-invariant curvature perturbation power spectrum is generated from the interplay between the variation of sound speed and the second slow roll parameter η. The first branch captures and extends the previously studied models of non-attractor inflation in which the curvature perturbation is not frozen on super-horizon scales and the single field non-Gaussianity consistency condition is violated. We present the general expression for the amplitude... 

In solid inflation the single field non-Gaussianity consistency condition is violated. As a result, the long tenor perturbation induces observable clustering fossils in the form of quadrupole anisotropy in large scale structure power spectrum. In this work we revisit the bispectrum analysis for the scalar-scalar-scalar and tensor-scalar-scalar bispectrum for the general parameter space of solid. We consider the parameter space of the model in which the level of non-Gaussianity generated is consistent with the Planck constraints. Specializing to this allowed range of model parameter we calculate the quadrupole anisotropy induced from the long tensor perturbations on the power spectrum of the... 

In this work we present the effective field theory of primordial statistical anisotropies generated during anisotropic inflation involving a background U(1) gauge field. Besides the usual Goldstone boson associated with the breaking of time diffeomorphism we have two additional Goldstone bosons associated with the breaking of spatial diffeomorphisms. We further identify these two new Goldstone bosons with the expected two transverse degrees of the U(1) gauge field fluctuations. Upon defining the appropriate unitary gauge, we present the most general quadratic action which respects the remnant symmetry in the unitary gauge. The interactions between various Goldstone bosons leads to... 

According to the equivalence principal, the long wavelength perturbations must not have any dynamical effect on the short scale physics up to (k2 L/k2 s). Their effect can be always absorbed to a coordinate transformation locally. So any physical effect of such a perturbation appears only on scales larger than the scale of the perturbation. The bispectrum in the squeezed limit of the curvature perturbation in single-field slow-roll inflation is a good example, where the long wavelength effect is encoded in the spectral index through Maldacena's consistency relation. This implies that one should be able to derive the bispectrum in the squeezed limit without resorting to the in-in formalism in... 

We study the evolution of the metric perturbations in a Bianchi background in the long-wavelength limit. By applying the gradient expansion to the equations of motion we exhibit a generalized "Separate Universe" approach to the cosmological perturbation theory. Having found this consistent separate universe picture, we introduce the δ M formalism for calculating the evolution of the linear tensor perturbations in anisotropic inflation models in almost the same way that the so-called δ N formula is applied to the super-horizon dynamics of the curvature perturbations. Similar to her twin formula, δ N, this new method can substantially reduce the amount of calculations related to the evolution... 

In this work, we study the anisotropic inflationary models. In these models, an abelian gauge field non-minimally coupled to the inflaton field plays a role in the inflation dynamicIn a gauge field,the backgroundanswer is anisotropic, in the form of metric Bianchi. In order for the model to be consistent with the observations, the level of anisotropy should be small. The anisotropy power spectrum is obtained by calculating cosmological perturbation using formalism. We show that the criticism levelled in [4] does not apply and we can repeat the calculations in the non-absorbence by calculating the anisotropy spectrum. Using the constraint on the quadrupole anisotopy, we show that the... 

Concepts developed in the gravitational lensing techniques such as shear, convergence, tangential, and radial arcs maybe used to see how tenable inhomogeneous models proposed to explain the acceleration of the universe models are. We study the widely discussed Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) cosmological models. It turns out that for the observer sitting at origin of a global LTB solution the shear vanishes as in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker models, while the value of convergence is different, which may lead to observable cosmological effects. We also consider Swiss-cheese models proposed recently based on LTB with an observer sitting in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker part. It turns out that... 

We use metric formalism in f(R) modified gravity to study the dynamics of various systems from the solar system to the cosmological scale. We assume an ansatz for the derivative of action as a function of distance and describe the Pioneer anomaly and the flat rotation curve of the spiral galaxies. Having the asymptotic behavior of action, we propose the action of f(R)=(R+Λ)(1+ln (R/Rc)/(R/R0+2/α)) where in galactic and solar system scales it can recover our desired form. The vacuum solution of this action also results in a positive late time acceleration for the Universe. We fix the parameters of this model, comparing with the Pioneer anomaly, rotation curve of spiral galaxies, and supernova... 

In this work we study the dynamics of the Universe in f(R)=R2-R02 modified gravity with the Palatini formalism. We use data from recent observations, such as the supernova type Ia Gold sample and Supernova Legacy Survey data, the size of the baryonic acoustic peak from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the position of the acoustic peak from the cosmic microwave background observations, and large-scale structure formation from the 2dFGRS survey, to put constraints on the parameters of the model. To check the consistency of this action, we compare the age of old cosmological objects with the age of the Universe. In the combined analysis with all the observations, we find the parameters of the... 

In this work we propose a modified gravity with the action f(R)=R2-R02 instead of the Einstein-Hilbert action to describe the late time acceleration of the Universe. We obtain the equation of the modified gravity both in the metric and Palatini formalisms. An asymptotic solution of gravity equations corresponding to a constant Ricci scalar causes a late time acceleration of the Universe. We do a conformal transformation in the action of the modified gravity and obtain the equivalent minimally coupled scalar-tensor gravity. The equivalent Brans-Dicke gravity of this model is also studied. To examine this model with observation, the perihelion precession of the Mercury is compared with our... 

We study the possibility of magnetic mass detection using the gravitational microlensing technique. Recently, the theoretical effect of magnetic mass in NUT space on the microlensing light curve has been studied. It has been shown that in the low photometric signal-to-noise ratio and sampling rate of MACHO experiment light curves, no signature of the NUT factor has been found. In order to increase the sensitivity of magnetic mass detection, we propose a systematic search for microlensing events, using the currently running alert systems and complementary telescopes for monitoring Large Magellanic Clouds stars. This observation strategy provides the lowest observable limit of the NUT factor,... 

We study the theoretical signature of magnetic masses on the light curve of the gravitational microlensing effect in NUT space. The light curves for microlensing events in NUT space are presented and contrasted with those caused by lensing produced by normal matter. In the next step, associating the magnetic mass to the massive astrophysical compact halo objects (MACHOs), we try to see the effect on the light curves of microlensing candidates observed by the MACHO group. The presence or absence of this feature in the observed microlensing events can shed light on the question of the existence of magnetic masses in the Universe  

We present a systematic prescription for calculating cosmological correlation functions for models with derivative interactions through the wavefunction of the universe and compare this result with the "in-in"formalism - canonical approach. The key step in this procedure is to perform the path integral over conjugate momenta after which a straightforward generalisation of Feynman's Rules can be applied. We show that this integral recovers the classical action plus some additional divergent contributions which are necessary to cancel other divergences that arise due to loop diagrams involving time derivatives. As a side project, for the first time, we introduce the "off-shell"version of the... 

In this work we study the spherical symmetric solutions of f(R) gravity in the metric formalism. We show that for a generic f(R) gravity, the spherical symmetric solution is consistent with the modified gravity equations except in the case of imposing an extra condition for the metric. © 2009 World Scientific Publishing Company  

A new small array of Cherenkov detectors has been deployed in Tehran, 1200 m above sea level. This array contains four tanks of distilled water with a diameter of 64 cm and a height of 130 cm. The effective area of each tank is about 1382 cm2. They are used to detect air showers and to record the arrival time of the secondary particles. We have collected about 640 000 extensive air showers (EAS) in 8298 h of observation time from November 2006 to October 2007. The distribution of air showers in zenith and azimuth angles has been studied and a cosn distribution with n = 6.02 0.01 was obtained for the zenith angle distribution. An asymmetry has been observed in the azimuthal distribution of... 

To explain the cosmic speed up, brought to light by the recent SNIa and CMB observations, we propose the following: (a) In a spacetime endowed with a FRW metric, we choose an empirical scale factor that best explains the observations. (b) We assume a modified gravity, generated by an unspecified field Lagrangian, f(R). (c) We use the adopted empirical scale factor to work back retroactively to obtain f(R), hence the term "Inverse f(R)". (d) Next we consider the classic GR and a conventional FRW universe that, in addition to its known baryonic content, possesses a hypothetical "Dark Energy" component. We compare the two scenarios and find the density, the pressure, and the equation of the...