Sharif Digital Repository

This paper presents a method for nonlinear aeroelastic analysis of a Human Powered Aircraft (HPA) wings. In these types of aircrafts there is a long wing with high flexibility. Wing flexibility coupled with the long span leads to the possibility of the large deflections during normal flight operation, so, nonlinear modal analysis technique is used for structural modeling. Unsteady linear aerodynamic theory is used for determination of aerodynamic loading on the wing (linear aerodynamics and nonlinear structure). Combining these two types of formulation yields a nonlinear aeroelastic model. Mode summation techniques along with Galerkin's method are used to determine the governing equations of... 

The effect of Alkali-Aggregate Reactions (AAR) in concrete dams was investigated using the finite element method. Two models have been presented to assess the effects of the AAR in concrete dams. The stress dependency of AAR strains has been taken into account in the models and the degradation of concrete properties during the reaction has been implemented in the finite element program. The results of the isothermal and nonisothermal analyses of a gravity section of a Beauharnois power plant have been presented and compared with the measured data and the results are in close agreement. The results of the analysis demonstrate the importance of the AAR in concrete dams. High stresses and large... 

An analytical procedure for supersonic flutter analysis of two-dimensional panels was developed using unsteady potential flow aerodynamic theory. The local spatial influence was considered as an integral over the plate area. The U-g method was used for flutter prediction. Results indicate a stabilizing effect of the unsteady potential flow aerodynamics theory compared to the quasi-steady first-order piston theory  

Micro actuators are irreplaceable part of motion control in minimized systems. The current study presents an analytical model for a new Hybrid Thermo Piezoelectric micro actuator based on the combination of piezoelectric and thermal actuation mechanisms. The micro actuator structure is a double PZT cantilever beam consisting of two arms with different lengths. The presented micro actuator uses the structure of electrothermal micro actuator in which polysilicon material is replaced by PZT. Also the voltage and poling directions are considered in the lengthwise of PZT beams. As a result, the piezoelectric actuation mechanism is based on d33 strain coefficient. The tip deflection of micro... 

In this study the investigation of large deflections subject in compliant mechanisms is presented using homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The main purpose is to propose a convenient method of solution for the large deflection problem in compliant mechanisms in order to overcome the difficulty and complexity of conventional methods, as well as for the purpose of mathematical modeling and optimization. For simplicity, a cantilever beam of linear elastic material under horizontal, vertical and bending moment end point load is considered. The results show that the applied method is very accurate and capable for cantilever beams and can be used for a large category of practical problems for the... 

Based on the first-order non-linear von Karman theory, cylindrical bending of functionally graded (FG) plates subjected to mechanical, thermal, and combined thermo-mechanical loadings are investigated. Analytical solutions are obtained for an FG plate with various clamped and simply-supported boundary conditions. The closed form solutions obtained are very simple to be used in design purposes. The material properties are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness of the plate according to a power-law distribution of the volume fraction of the constituents. The effects of non-linearity, material property, and boundary conditions on various response quantities are studied and... 

A new shear strengthening method involving post-tensioning of the critical shear region of reinforced concrete beams is investigated. Thirty-one experiments were carried out using 24 specimens. Theoretical load-deflection relations are obtained from moment-curvature analysis using fiber cross sections and taking into consideration the effects of different concrete confinements along the beam length. A theoretical shear strength model that includes three shear resisting components in the critical shear region of the strengthened beams is provided. Experimental results from beams with and without shear strengthening are compared with calculated load-deflection relations and predicted shear... 

One of the engineers concern in designing bridges and structures under moving load is the uniformity of stress distribution. In this paper the analysis of a variable cross-section beam subjected to a moving concentrated force and mass is investigated. Finite element method with cubic Hermitian interpolation functions is used to model the structure based on Euler-Bernoulli beam and Wilson-⊖ direct integration method is implemented to solve time dependent equations. Effects of cross-section area variation, boundary conditions, and moving mass inertia on the deflection, natural frequencies and longitudinal stresses of beam are investigated. Results indicates using a beam of parabolically... 

Stochastic behavior of panels in supersonic flow is investigated to assess the significance of including the damping caused by the strains resulting from axial extension of the panel. The governing equations of motion are based on the Von Karman's large deflection equation and are considered with Kelvin's model of structural damping. The panel under study is two dimensional and simply supported for which the first order piston theory is used to account for the unsteady aerodynamic loading. Transformation of the governing partial differential equation to a set of ordinary differential equations is performed through the Galerkin averaging technique. The statistical response moment equations... 

Micro actuators are an irreplaceable part of motion control in miniaturized systems and are intended to have a high range of deformation, high accuracy, large force, and quick response. In this article, an analytical model for a hybrid thermopiezoelectric micro actuator is developed in which a double lead-zirconnate-titanate piezoceramic (PZT) beam structure consisting of two arms with different lengths are used. Governing differential equation of motion and electrical field are derived and solved. Out of parametric studies it was observed that, under application of temperature and voltage gradients, the deflection of the actuator shows different trends depending on the geometry of the micro... 

The Finite Element Methods (FEM) are important numerical techniques for analysis of physical problems. Quick prediction of dynamic and static response of structures is one of the interests of both industry and scientists. One of the key elements to achieve this goal is 3D super element compatible with regular geometrical configuration by which a series of structures can be analyzed with less time and higher accuracy. In this paper, a newly designed spherical super element is presented. In this super element, the user can enjoy as many numbers of nodes as he wishes and consequently reaches thedesired accuracy and consuming computational time. It can also be used to analyze structures from... 

Applying integrated variational principles on fluid and deck plate to the large deflection analysis of floating roofs, this paper investigates the significance of the flexural and membrane components in the formulations of the deck plate. Integrated variational principles facilitate the treatment of the compatibility of deformation between floating roof and supporting liquid. Analysis results show that different assumptions about deck plate formulation commonly used in the literature, results in considerably different deflection and stress patterns on the floating roof. The results show that modeling of the deck plate as a flexural element rather than the membrane, by eliminating the need... 

With the aim of extending the use of integrated variational principles on fluid and deck plate to the large deflection analysis of floating roofs, this paper investigates the significance of the flexural and membrane components in the formulations of the deck plate. Applying integrated variational principles on deck plate and fluid facilitate the treatment of the compatibility of deformation between floating roof and supporting liquid. Analysis results showed that different assumptions about deck plate formulation were commonly used in the literature which resulted in considerably different deflection and stress patterns on the floating roof. The results showed that modeling of the deck... 

Introducing a suitable model for a structure to understand its behavior under different conditions of loading is very important. Mathematical modeling is the simulation of a physical structure or physical process by means of suitable analytical or numerical construct. One of suitable methods for finding deflection of a beam under different forms of loading is Finite Element Method (FEM). In this paper we find deflection of a beam using FEM based on Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko theory. © 2009 IEEE  

In this paper, the influence of the van der Waals force on two main parameters describing an instability point of cantilever type nanomechanical switches, which are the pull-in voltage and deflection are investigated by using a distributed parameter beam model. The nonlinear differential equation of the model is transformed into the integral form by using the Green's function of the cantilever beam. The integral equation is solved analytically by assuming an appropriate shape function for the beam deflection. The detachment length and the minimum initial gap of the cantilever type switches are given, which are the basic design parameters for NEMS switches. The pull-in parameters of... 

Different values have been assigned to the ratio of the deflection amplification factor (Cd) to the response modification factor (R) for a specified force-resisting system in the seismic design provisions while the same application is defined for it. An analytical study of the seismic responses of several reinforced concrete frames subjected to a suite of earthquake records performed in this research indicate that the stories’ overstrength and stiffness distribution along the structural height can affect local deflections more than global ones. Therefore, the Cd/R ratio is calculated based on the ratio of both maximum inelastic to maximum elastic displacements and... 

All the star trackers must be composed of a baffle system to removes stray lights intensity. The baffle is designed to mount in front of the optical system. The performance of a star tracker is often limited by the stray light level on the detector. According to the space conditions, the baffle may deflect due to the temperature variation during the mission. Sun heat flux imposed to the baffle from one side and heat radiates from baffle to the space in all sides. In our case, the baffle is fixed to the satellite structure by four titanium screw. A finite element model has been used to modeling the baffle and temperature distribution and deflection is obtained in worst cold and hot... 

Structural control under seismic excitation is becoming an important problem in earthquake engineering. Among several control systems, semi-active control is usually possible and efficient. In the conventional bracing systems it is assumed that the braces buckle under little compressive forces. In this research a semi-active on-off brace strategy is implemented to improve the conventional braces performance. A new completely tensile ribbed bracing system (RBS) has been developed to use the whole capacity of the member. In the proposed system the buckling of compressive member is prevented using a ribbed shape cylinder. RBS causes a permanent-stiffness-presence system that leads to less... 

In this paper, size dependent static behavior of micro and nano cantilevers actuated by a static electric field including deflection and pull-in instability, is analyzed implementing nonlocal theory. Euler-bernoulli assumptions are made to model the relation between deflection of the beam and bending moment. Differential form of the constitutive equation of nonlocal theory is used to find the revised equation for bending moment and substituting in the equilibrium equation of electrostatically actuated beams final nonlinear ordinary differential equation is arrived. Also the boundary conditions for solving the equation are revised and to analyze the size effect better governing equation is... 

The performance of Co-flow fluidic thrust vectoring is a function of secondary flow characteristics and the fluidic nozzle geometry. In terms of nozzle geometry, wall shape and the secondary slot aspect ratio are the main parameters that control the vector angle. The present study aims to find a high quality wall shape to achieve the best thrust vectoring performance, which is characterized by the maximum thrust deflection angle with respect to the injected secondary air. A 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is employed to investigate the flow characteristics in thrust vectoring system. This model is validated using experimental data collected from the deflection of exhaust gases of...