Sharif Digital Repository

On the average, ten thousand people die annually due to earthquakes. A UNESCO study gives damage losses amounting to ten billion dollars within the years 1926 to 1950 from earthquakes. These data shows the importance of earthquake issue that causes the scientists to pay special attention to this subject. In despite of significant improvements in many of scientific fields, earthquake is still remains as an unknown event without the possibility of predicting its time and location of occurrence. Because of that, a large effort has been paid for rehabilitation of structures to prevent the human loss and maintaining the necessary life safety. In this regard, various guidelines have been proposed...