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One of the most important operating parameters which affects the performance and efficiency of active solar stills is brine depth. In all of the previous experimental or theoretical studies, effects of water depth were investigated during only the first 24-hour period (or even shorter periods) of the operation of active solar stills. In other words, only the first day was taken into account. However, the production of an active solar still depends on several parameters such as brine temperature at sunrise (initial temperature), which are all affected by the depth variation after the first day of operation. However, the present research experimentally investigates the long-term effects of... 

This paper discusses an experimental study of vertical mixing in an aquatic canopy. Vertical variation of physical characteristics of stems is fairly observed in the field and leads to variation in frontal area. This can affect both the flow and the mixing process.We experimentally investigated the effects of vertical density variation on both flow and vertical diffusion at high Reynolds numbers (turbulent flow range). Using rigid cylinders, we simulated step-like density variation in a flume. Vertical mixing coefficient was measured by recording vertical mixing of dye in the flume. The results indicate that vertical mixing coefficient decreases as density increases in depth. Velocity...