Sharif Digital Repository

Background: The cooling system is one of the important parts of new devices such as smartphones, servers, and other electrical devices. By employing the almost all heat transfer methods such as conduction, evaporation and condensation, heat pipes are the best choice to increase the heat transfer. The thermal conductivity of heat pipe is much higher than fins because they benefit from condensation and evaporation simultaneously. Methods: This study tries to present relative thermal conductivity base on temperature and length of a heat pipe in optimized geometry. To achieve this aim, unsteady, multiphase fluid was considered inside the heat pipe. Evaporation, condensation, and conduction were... 

Smartening of contemporaneous power delivery systems in conjunction with the increased penetration of renewable energies (REs), change the way to energize consumers who are willing to maximize their utility from energy consumption. However, there is a high degree of uncertainty in the electricity markets of such systems. Moreover, the unprecedented ascending penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) mainly harvesting REs is a direct consequence of environmentally friendly concerns. This type of energy resources brings about more uncertainties into power system operation resulting in, necessitates probabilistic analysis of the system performance. In the smarter power markets,...