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A bit-vector differential model for the modular addition by a constant and its applications to differential and impossible-differential cryptanalysis
, Article Designs, Codes, and Cryptography ; Volume 90, Issue 8 , 2022 , Pages 1797-1855 ; 09251022 (ISSN) ; Ranea, A ; Salmasizadeh, M ; Mohajeri, J ; Aref, M. R ; Rijmen, V ; Sharif University of Technology
Springer
2022
Abstract
ARX algorithms are a class of symmetric-key algorithms constructed by Addition, Rotation, and XOR. To evaluate the resistance of an ARX cipher against differential and impossible-differential cryptanalysis, the recent automated methods employ constraint satisfaction solvers to search for optimal characteristics or impossible differentials. The main difficulty in formulating this search is finding the differential models of the non-linear operations. While an efficient bit-vector differential model was obtained for the modular addition with two variable inputs, no differential model for the modular addition by a constant has been proposed so far, preventing ARX ciphers including this...
Discrimination of bilateral finger photoplethysmogram responses to reactive hyperemia in diabetic and healthy subjects using a differential vascular model framework
, Article Physiological Measurement ; Volume 34, Issue 5 , 2013 , Pages 513-525 ; 09673334 (ISSN) ; Aghajani, H ; Zahedi, E ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction assessment has received considerable attention due to its potential in early screening of cardiovascular diseases. Since the seminal work by Celermajer in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) based on B-mode ultrasound measurement of the brachial artery dilation following limb ischemia, many attempts have been made toward applying this method to clinical, non-invasive endothelial dysfunction assessment. One major obstacle toward achieving this objective has been the relative high cost of the required setup and skilled manpower. Such limitations have prompted the investigation of other non-invasively accessible signals such as the photoplethysmogram (PPG) in relation to FMD....
A Bit-vector differential model for the modular addition by a constant
, Article 26th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security, ASIACRYPT 2020, 7 December 2020 through 11 December 2020 ; Volume 12491 LNCS , 2020 , Pages 385-414 ; Ranea, A ; Salmasizadeh, M ; Mohajeri, J ; Aref, M.R ; Rijmen, V ; Sharif University of Technology
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
2020
Abstract
ARX algorithms are a class of symmetric-key algorithms constructed by Addition, Rotation, and XOR, which achieve the best software performances in low-end microcontrollers. To evaluate the resistance of an ARX cipher against differential cryptanalysis and its variants, the recent automated methods employ constraint satisfaction solvers, such as SMT solvers, to search for optimal characteristics. The main difficulty to formulate this search as a constraint satisfaction problem is obtaining the differential models of the non-linear operations, that is, the constraints describing the differential probability of each non-linear operation of the cipher. While an efficient bit-vector differential...