Sharif Digital Repository

Lameness in dairy cattle is a crucial welfare issue after infertility and mastitis in dairy industry, and over the years scientists are attempting to present a detection method. In recent it is attracting more attention to make the identification and discrimination of sounds and lames systematic and automatic. Right now, the most hopeful results have been obtained through the measurement of Ground Reaction Forces (GRF) of hooves, and analysis of load distribution between four legs, which seems applicable for wide use in dairy industry.However, the accuracy, validity, and reliability of discrimination is still far from an acceptable point, that is because of a great lack in understanding... 

For neurodegenerative diseases like Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, or Parkinson’s disease early detection is required to slow progression and prevent disease onset. To do so, identifying early signs and symptoms of the disease as well as modifying lifestyle can play a crucial role. Nowadays, the increasing use of smart gadgets and sensors has paved the way for collecting behavioral data and therefore analyzing and extracting meaningful patterns. In this study, lifestyle and cognitive performance data have been collected via a platform called OptiMind. Previous studies have shown that the Integrated Cognitive Assessment (ICA) can identify patients with neurodegenerative disorders (such as... 

Early detection of prostate cancer using biosensors has been a subject of research for nearly two decades due to its critical importance. The timing of detection plays a crucial role in determining treatment success rates. However, a significant limitation of these studies has been the cost and limited sensitivity of the sensors. In this research, various treatments used in biosensors were compared and necessary parameters to develop a sensitive, low-cost sensor have been subject of optimization. For this reason, we used pencil graphite and graphite sheet electrodes, both of which have potential for low-cost production on a large scale. Additionally, we tested graphene oxide, amine-treated... 

Apnea-bradycardia is a medical term for prolonged respiratory pause accompanied with a heart rate reduction which is a common event among preterm infants. Repetition of apnea-bradycardia episodescompromises oxygenation and tissue perfusion and may lead to neurological impairment or even short-term morbi-mortality. Main solution to this breathing-related disorder is continues monitoring of infants in neonatal intensive care units in order to detect apnea-bradycardia event, generate an alarm and warn available nurse or physician to initiate quick nursing actions. Various studies have been done in this area and different methods are proposed which mainly focus on cardiac signal processing. This... 

Congestion is an important issue in the network environment. To keep stable the perfor-mance of the network, congestion control algorithms have been extensively studied. Queue management method employed by the routers is one of the important issues in the congestion control study. Active Queue Management (AQM) has been proposed for early detection of congestion inside the network. AQM mechanisms control the queue length in a router by dropping arriving packets. The Random Early Detection (RED) is the most popular AQM mechanism used in routers on the Intenet to allow network users to simultaneously achieve high throughput and low average delay. The RED algorithm may cause heavy oscillation of... 

Today, despite the notable progress in diagnostics and therapeutics, cancer remains the second cause of death worldwide. This rather high mortality rate is often attributed to cancers diagnosed at late stages, including prostate cancer. Among the techniques approved for prostate cancer diagnosis, total or free prostate-specific antigen screening using blood serum samples is the sole method able to detect prostate cancer at an early stage. This test has led to a significant decrease in prostate cancer-related deaths. Nonetheless, it possesses several drawbacks, such as the complex, costly, and time-consuming conventional methods utilized in clinical laboratories to assess the concentration of... 

Today, medical science has come to the conclusion that the best time to start treating a disease is in its early stages. Therefore, the topic of early detection has been widely welcomed in scientific circles. Today, one of the safest methods for early detection in medicine is the study of biomarkers. These biomarkers include CTC, cfRNA, cfDNA, Exosome, etc. For instance, in the discussion of early cancer detection, the US Food and Drug Administration has so far identified two biomarkers, cfDNA and CTC, as the safest markers. The cfDNA marker is also widely used not only in the diagnosis of cancer, but also in the field of sex diagnosis and fetal Down syndrome in the first weeks of pregnancy.... 

Isolation and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) found in blood samples of cancer patients have been considered as a reliable source for cancer prognosis and diagnosis. A new continuous microfluidic platform has been designed in this investigation for simultaneous capture and characterization of CTCs based on their deformability. The deformability-based chip (D-Chip) consists of two sections of separation and characterization where slanted weirs with a gap of 7 μm were considered. Although sometimes CTCs and leukocytes have the same size, the deformability differs in such a way that can be exploited for enrichment purposes. MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were used for the... 

Early detection of diseases has always been critical, especially during the outbreak of infectious and epidemic diseases plays an essential role in controlling the spread of the disease. Finding diagnostic methods with high sensitivity, especially in the early stages of the disease, is an important challenge in the face of new diseases. periodic structures biosensors are accurate sensors and have been very popular in recent years. In this thesis, two types of sensors that are very sensitive are investigated using a circuit model. The first structure is the array of sub-wavelength apertures perforated on a PEC film. In these structures, the extraordinary transmission phenomena are used for... 

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Identification of pivot genes in colorectal cancer can play an important role as biomarkers in predicting and early diagnosis and reducing the number of deaths caused by this disease. In this study, the aim of which is to discover pivot genes in colorectal cancer, six microarray datasets selected from the GEO database including 277 tumor tissue samples and 325 normal colon tissue samples. After data processing, differentially expressed genes and CRC-related genes were screened and 285 shared genes between them were identified for subsequent analysis. Based on 285 shared genes, the protein-protein interaction... 

Apnea Bradycardia (AB) episodes (breathing pauses associated with a significant fall in heart rate) are the most common disease in preterm infants. Consequences associated with apnea-bradycardia episodes involve a compromise in oxygenation and tissue perfusion, a poor neuromotor prognosis at childhood and a predisposing factor to sudden-death syndrome in preterm newborns. It is therefore important that these episodes are recognized (early detected or predicted if possible), to start an appropriate treatment and to prevent the associated risks. In this thesis, we propose two Bayesian Network (BN) approaches (Markovian and Switching Kalman Filter) for the early detection of apnea bradycardia... 

Rolling element bearings (REBs) are one of the most critical components in rotating ma-chines. Failure of these components may lead to fatal and costly breakdowns in rotating machinery. Therefore, it is significant to detect faults at early stage accurately. The pur-pose of this study is to compare vibration analysis and shock pulse method (SPM) in early detection of fault and remaining useful life prediction of REBs. To the aim, a set of ac-celerated life tests on REBs was planned. Vibration and shock pulse values accelerated life tests of the REBs were simultaneously measured from the moment of start to the end of the failure by two vibration and shock pulse sensors and their changes were... 

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer types and is the leading cause of cancerrelated death among females according to American Cancer Society statistics. Breast screening and early detection is the most effective method of management and treatment of this disease. Currently, several imaging systems for breast cancer detection are being used among which microwave imaging has caught the attention of many as a promising tool for early breast cancer detection. Microwave imaging is considered as a non-invasive, relatively low-cost, Fast, convenient, and safe method for breast cancer screening. this research aims to implement a 3D imaging system that operates based on the microwave... 

There are currently about 50 million people with Alzheimer's disease in the world, and this number is about 700 thousand in Iran. The symptoms of the disease include decreased awareness, disinterest in unfamiliar subjects, increased distraction, speech problems, and etc. which gradually leads to an absolute inability to perform daily activities and completely mute. The disease belongs to the category of neurological disorders and is the most common type of dementia for which no treatment has been offered so far. However, if the disease is diagnosed in its early stage, a series of pharmacological and behavioral therapy approaches can be prescribed to reduce the pace or progression of the...