Sharif Digital Repository

Carbon accounting is necessary for designing effective climate change mitigation policies. A proper and fair accounting method should motivate both the producers toward cleaner production methods and the consumers toward reducing the embodied emissions of their consumption. This research work proposes a new approach to map the production chain of carbon emissions in which every subsystem is responsible for the level and efficiency of its production activities and embodied emissions for providing its economic activities or final demands. The exergy cost formation concept is used to track the emissions in the production chain. The results of this accounting present the total carbon loads on... 

With the rapid evolution of electricity markets and the need for higher economic efficiency of power industry, attempts for lowering down the maintenance costs as a large portion of system operation expenses seem imperative. Recognised as a crucial step in practical implementation of modern maintenance paradigms, e.g. reliability-centred maintenance, this study proposes an efficient method to quantify the generating units' criticality on the bulk power system reliability performance. The proposed approach utilises a solution concept of game theory and evaluates the contribution of each generating unit on the overall system reliability when a higher-order contingency occurs. The suggested... 

Application of solar energy compared to conventional gas-burning boilers for steam generation in thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery processes is a newly attended technology, which brings significant benefits to the petroleum industry through environmental and economical aspects. This technique is especially designed for the regions in which gas-burning steam generation is not viable in large scale. The objective of this study is to investigate about viability of using solar energy to generate steam instead of using conventional steam generators in a Venezuelan extra heavy oil reservoir. Limited gas production policy of the Venezuelan government is the major challenge for utilizing gas steam... 

Considering the high level of interactions between energy and reserve markets, simultaneous clearing of these markets has been shown to provide more efficient solutions, than a sequential market clearing process. In addition, determining reserve requirements based on probabilistic approaches results in more economical efficiency, while maintaining an acceptable level of reliability, compared to deterministic approaches. This paper proposes a new method for clearing energy and spinning reserve markets simultaneously, while at the same time, spinning reserve requirements are determined based on a cost/benefit analysis as a probabilistic-based approach. This cost/benefit analysis considers both...