Sharif Digital Repository

For a physical system, equilibrium is defined as a state in which the values of macroscopic quantities describing the system do not change in time. We observe systems around us reaching equilibrium every day. Describing such a seemingly simple phenomena has remained as one of the important challenges in theoretical physics. So far, various explanations for thermalization (approach to equilibrium) have been offered within classical and quantum thermodynamics. In classical statistical mechanics, the microcanonical ensemble provides a suitable prediction of the thermal behavior of a closed system. In this ensemble, using ergodic hypothesis and chaos theory one can assume that all microstates...