Sharif Digital Repository

Wind power producers have recently gained a significant penetration in the electric power network, which might cause some challenges for the system operation due to the uncertainties in the generated power. In this way, wind power owners may offer different services, such as providing reserve capacity besides their conventional role of delivering just energy. Currently, conventional generators are the main responsible for providing some reserve in case of uncertainty in renewable generation and demand changes. Therefore, this article introduces a novel approach that allows wind power producers to participate in both energy and reserve markets alongside conventional generators. A two-stage... 

This paper presents an optimization model for the calculation of the minimum number of phasor measurement units (PMUs) in electrical power networks. The problem constraint is a predefined probability of observability associated with each bus. The mixed-integer programming is used for the proposed optimization and an efficient linearization technique is proposed to convert the nonlinear function representing the probability of observability into a set of linear expressions. The PMU placement is staged in a multi-year planning horizon due to financial and physical constraints. The average probability of observability is maximized at the intermediate planning stages, subject to a limited number... 

In this paper, a model for the optimal placement of contingency-constrained phasor measurement units (PMUs) in electric power networks is presented. The conventional complete observability of power networks is first formulated and then, different contingency conditions in power networks including measurement losses and line outages are added to the main model. The communication constraints which would limit the maximum number of measurements associated with each installed PMU is considered as measurement limitations. The relevant formulations are also proposed to make the model more comprehensive. The IEEE standard test systems are examined for the applicability of proposed model. The... 

This paper presents an optimization model for the calculation of the minimum number of phasor measurement units (PMUs) in electrical power networks. The problem constraint is a predefined probability of observability associated with each bus. The mixed-integer programming is used for the proposed optimization and an efficient linearization technique is proposed to convert the nonlinear function representing the probability of observability into a set of linear expressions. The PMU placement is staged in a multi-year planning horizon due to financial and physical constraints. The average probability of observability is maximized at the intermediate planning stages, subject to a limited number... 

This paper investigates the application of immunity genetic algorithm (IGA) for the problem of optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) in an electric power network. The problem is to determine the placement sites of the minimal set of PMUs which makes the system observable. Incorporating immune operator in the canonical genetic algorithm (GA), on the condition of preserving GA's advantages, utilizes some characteristics and knowledge of the problems for restraining the degenerative phenomena during evolution, so as to improve the algorithm efficiency. This type of prior knowledge about some parts of optimal solution exists in the PMU placement problem. So, the IGA is adopted in...