Sharif Digital Repository

The Middle-East with its enormous fossil fuel resources is considered as one of the most important regions with regard to the future world energy outlook. The region produced more than 32% and 16% of the world oil and gas, respectively, in 2012 and contains more than 48% of proven oil and 43% of proven gas reserves in the world and with 78 years of reserves-to-production ratio (RPR or R/P) has a key role in global energy provision. However, the energy issues in the region are intensifying. For instance, the fossil resources are pushed to the second half of their life time due to massive exploitation which results in change in production processes and raises the need for energy investment, on... 

According to current trend of energy production and consumption in the world, economic problems in various countries and too many eco-system disorders in which created by an unsustainable trend in development, recently, the concept of “sustainability” and in the following “sustainable development” has been featured by scientists, researchers and policy makers in different scientific disciplines specially energy system engineering. Therefore exact recognition of unsustainability of local and global energy supply and demand system is very essential. In this research after selection of five energy indicators for sustainable development by Delphi and MCDM methods, future perspective of Iranian... 

One of the ways to solve the problem of water scarcity in the agricultural sector is the development of the greenhouse. Using greenhouse and control of its internal conditions can increase productivity and reduce water consumption. But the issue that needs to be noted is higher energy consumption in greenhouses in comparison to traditional agriculture. The purpose of the present research is to evaluate the various technologies of supplying water and energy with a view to the climate, type of equipment and economic parameters. An analytical tool for designing and operation of the greenhouse have been developed and presented that may be applied in greenhouse sector. It is possible to evaluate... 

The energy section has a significant share in the emission of environmental pollutants. Based on the recent investigations about 80 percent of greenhouse gases are emitted into the environment from this sector. This present research has focused on estimating costs of pollution control, using the energy system model. In order to have a better understanding of the relationship between energy and environment, the reference energy system for Guilan Province has been developed; then by having energy demand data, historical capacity data for each technologies and potential of energy resources as well as, the development of provincial energy system has been studied. After the model verification and... 

Increase in energy consumed by buildings, which constitute about 40% of the global final energy consumption and their respective contribution to CO2 emmission has led the building owners and users toward using on–site energy production systems and especially clean energy sources. The present research aims to find the optimal solution to the building energy supply problem under current and other possible circumstances. Energy Engineering Department of Sharif University of Technology has been selected in representation of educational buildings in Iran for case study. ESM software which is based on the MESSAGE model has been used as the modeling tool. Results state that under the current... 

Energy supply system model (ESM) is used as an analytical tool for policy making and optimizing the allocation of energy resources, selecting the best combination of energy carriers and technologies, and also determining required investments for development and operation of energy supply system, in order to meet the useful demand of energy. Although the modeled process in this Bottom-Up mathematical tool has deterministic characteristics, but evolution of exogenous parameters for energy sector have uncertainty which may impact on results of energy model. Limitations of applied methods for application of deterministic energy models under uncertain conditions result that all uncertain... 

Today, the rapid and increasing growth of various human societies has led to an increased consumption of energy and the need for new resources. In fact, the excessive consumption of energy, especially fossil fuels, has caused adverse and sometimes irreversible effects on the human environment. Also, the consumption of different types of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, leads to a significant increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. On the other hand, population growth and technological advancements in the last century have led to an increase in the demand for energy carriers. Therefore, the use of new energy sources instead of fossil fuels is an inevitable matter....