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Taxing Policies to Manage Demand And Supply of Automobiles to Reduce Air Pollution
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Pourzahedi, Hossein (Supervisor)
Abstract
One effective way to reduce air pollution created by automobiles is to tax/toll the unfavorable characteristics of the automobiles. This study is an extension of the current literature on taxing visible and measurable aspects of automobile ownership and use, namely engine size, age, fuel used, and technology level. A three sided model, comprising the operator (government), consumers, and automobile producers, has been constructed to control emission by proper taxation. Engine size tax is one-time, age-tax is yearly, and fuel use is usage-based. The model has been built and experimented based on a sample population and the results have been shown to be in the direction of the management...
Insight into the behavior of colloidal gas aphron (CGA) fluids at elevated pressures: an experimental study
, Article Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects ; Volume 537 , January , 2018 , Pages 250-258 ; 09277757 (ISSN) ; Kazemzadeh, E ; Kamari, E ; Ghazanfari, M. H ; Soleymani, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2018
Abstract
Recently, colloidal gas aphron (CGA) fluids technology has been employed to drill depleted oil and gas reservoirs. Almost all reported experience on CGA fluids were conducted at ambient conditions, and little attention has been paid on the behavior of CGAs at high pressures which is more close to real conditions. In this study, high pressure experiments were conducted by using High Pressure Microscope cell to visualize/monitor the behavior of CGAs at elevated pressures. Single bubble behavior and bubble size distribution (BSD) of CGAs were investigated under different scenarios of pressure change. Results of experiments revealed that BSD of CGAs is controlled by the path of pressure changes,...
A comparison of light-duty vehicles' high emitters fractions obtained from an emission remote sensing campaign and emission inspection program for policy recommendation
, Article Environmental Pollution ; Volume 286 , 2021 ; 02697491 (ISSN) ; Safavi, S. R ; Hosseini, V ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2021
Abstract
Urban transportation is one of the leading causes of air pollution in big cities. In-use emissions of vehicles are higher than the emission control certification levels. The current study uses a roadside remote sensing emission monitoring campaign to investigate (a) fraction of high emitters in the light-duty vehicle (LDV) fleet and their contributions to the total emissions, (b) emission inspection (I/M) programs' effectiveness, and (c) alternate fuel (natural gas) encouragement policy. LDVs consist of passenger or freight transport vehicles with four wheels equivalent to classes M1 and N1 of European union vehicle classifications. The motivation is to assess the current emission inspection...