Sharif Digital Repository

Traditionally, chemical Process design is focused on the selection of technologies and optimization based on economic consideration .In the 1970’s because of the global energy crisis, other consideration consider with economic goals .in this study we are eager to provide design procedures and guidance for optimizing chemical processes simultaneously based on economic and environmental aspects .this optimization is applied to production maleic anhydride(MA) from n-butane feedstock .an optimization algorithm based on the genetic algorithm with four decision variables(recycle flow ratio ,air to feed ratio ,solvent flow and reactor temperature ).for including dynamic objective in optimization... 

Today, the increase in greenhouse gases and the accumulation of thesegases in the atmosphere has caused a destructive environmental impact. Transportation systems in the country consume 25 % of the energy, which isalso the main cause of air pollution in addition to the imposition of fuelconsumption and fuel imports this has led to the design and deployment of vehicles with new technologies, necessity and importance that hybridvehicles is one of the new technologies. Considering that the average speedin road traffic is low and internal combustion engines have lower efficiencyand higher emissions, the hybrid vehicle reduces the current costs (fuelconsumption) and external costs (air pollution)... 

The environmental impact of process plants is one of the causes of the environmental disturbance in the world. Including the effects of these destructive impacts can be mentioned to the phenomena such as global warming, climate change, severe air pollution and water shortage. Hence, the economic justification of a process, without the review of relevance of its environmental impacts, it does not lead to the implementation and construction of a process plant. For this reason, it is a requirement to provide a software platform (preferably object-oriented) for quick and automatic checking of this item and the exact determining of these effects. On the other hand, due to the complexity of the... 

Environmental contamination is one most important concern that human has encountered currently the increasing demand of power production has been lead to environmental problem, therefore it is crucial to find appropriate methods managing these sources. Carbon dioxide forming from usage of fossil fuel as the main source of energy play a central role in environmental issues of climate change in atmosphere, so more attention in its emission reduction seems vital. CCS has been used as a recent attractive in order to reduce the greenhouse gases emission for large industrial units releasing carbon dioxide. The aim of this paper is environmental and economical assessment using ccs for power plants... 

Today, due to the decline of drinkable water, many desalination plants have been established and operated around the world. Disposal of these brines, which have higher density and temperature than receiving water, causes many environmental impacts. Industrial power plants discharge these effluents into the seawater body mostly as submerged jets due to their higher effectiveness. Many experimental researches have been done on the negative and positive buoyant jet that discharged form desalination plants. But a few numerical studies have been done with investigating the full Navior-Stokes equations and they have been flawed in modeling. For example, some of these models have been able to... 

Oil spills in marine environments lead to serious environmental disasters and have significant short-term and long-term effects on the aquatic life cycle, the health of people living on the coasts, the region's ecology, and social and economic activities. Shipping and marine transportation are responsible for many oil accidents. For this reason, harbors- as one of the most important marine transportation infrastructures- are always exposed to oil spills which in addition to economic losses, can lead to disruption of ports' performance.To reduce the environmental and economic damages caused by oil spill incidents, it is necessary to prepare the harbors to deal with and clean up oil pollution... 

The environmental impacts of chemical processes significantly affect the design of these processes and emphasize issues such as changing the reaction path, separation methods, thermal integration, and finally multi-objective optimization. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the influence of environmental indicators in the design of chemical processes. The background system in this assessment includes two process units, olefin and polyolefin. Environmental impacts assessment has been carried out using the ReCiPe endpoint method (an efficient method for life cycle impact assessment that will be described in chapter 2) and these impacts have been determined in the form of damage to human... 

As producing and consuming of natural gas has increased in recent years, improving natural gas distribution and transfer network systems has become vital. Pressure reduction station (PRS) is an important part of the natural gas network. Common PRSs are facing two issues: first is the pressure reduction technology, which is throttling valve that destroys the exergy of the high pressure flow. The solution is to utilize turbo-expander instead which can recover the energy. Second is the preheating technology which is boiler and water bath heater in the common systems that cause environmental problems. Using solar collectors is one of the best solution based on the literature. Since the solar...