Sharif Digital Repository

Concrete is the second most structural material in the world. So attention and promotion of the concrete mix design with respect to variable issues and requirements, is very important. On the other hand, these days environment and its pollution has become very popular discussion. Waste-glass which is produced by human products is one of the environmental pollutants. In this thesis it replaces some aggregate in concrete and it can reduce the level of this material in the world. Also we study effects of silica-fume as cement replacement and properties enhancer in our concrete mix design and see how it can ... 

Different nanocomposites were prepared based on the carbon nitride, structures and metal organic framework. The photocatalytic activities of a group of metal-organic metal frameworks were evaluted. Next step, the combination of binary and ternary composites based on carbon nitride/metal-organic frameworks structures with other semiconductors such as oxyacid, bismuth oxy halide and ferrite spinel was used. In addition, synthesis of varius type of metal oxides structures with metal organic framework precursors has also been another perpuse of this thesis.The catalytic and photocatalytic activities of designed nanocomposites were performed for a redox process (4-nitrophenol (4-Nip) to... 

Nowadays, there are three factors in traffic issues, which are very important. These factors are delay time, fuel consumption and environmental pollution. A good choice of the type of traffic nodes (intersection and roundabout) can play an important role in reducing some of the traffic problems such as: the amount of vehicles' delay time, energy consumption and pollution due to the transport system. In this study, we try to identify factors that influence delay time, fuel consumption and air pollution in different types of intersections and roundabout. According to previous studies, these factors were such as: variables of each route volume, distribution of through, right turn and left turn... 

Growing production of cement and concrete in developing countries like Iran in addition to high amounts of energy consumption and pollutants formation through production of cement has motivated researchers to partially replace it with suitable additive materials. In this study, the chemo-physical and microstructural properties of rice husk ash as an agricultural waste and its performance in cement mixtures as a pozzolan is experimentally investigated. Parameters influencing the pozzolanic properties of this material that are studied include the effect of acid leaching before pyro-processing, heating rate, temperature, retention time, and cooling rate. Additionally, this material is compared... 

A novel SPME fiber was prepared using sol-gel technology with ethoxylated nonylphenol as a precursor and used for development of a headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for quantification of 13 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. The fused silica is the material that has recently been used as a substrate in sol-gel works for preparation of SPME fibers. Given that its drawbacks such as breakability and fragility which make the work tedious and time consuming¬, in this survey stainless steel wires were chosen as a substrate for coating the sol-gel film on them. The fibers made from steel are vary sturdy and aren’t... 

Besides increasing the installation of distributed generation plants, investigating multi-carrier energy systems leads recent studies to focus on Smart Energy Hub (S.E.Hub) systems. S.E.Hub systems incorporate several modules which optimal size and operation of each have already attracted a great deal of research. Uncertainty in the modelling of these modules is an imperative factor that has not been associated in S.E.Hub models properly. To build up a more precise framework for S.E.Hubs, here we present a stochastic model for electricity and natural-gas prices, electricity and heat demands, and emission costs. In this paper, S.E.Hub operates based on minimizing weighted sum function which... 

Pure NanoParticles of TiO2 and Nanocomposite catalysts of TiO2 , activated carbon (TiO2/AC) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (TiO2/MWCNT) were prepared by a sol –Gel method using TetraisoPropylorthotitanat (Tipt) as a precursor. The catalysts were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance uv-vis spectroscopy (DRS) and N2 adsorption – desorption measurements. The photoactivity of samples was evaluated by Acid Blue 92 (AB 92) degradation. The analysis results show that compared with pure Nanoparticles of TiO2, the spherical – shaped TiO2 particles are well – dispersed in TiO2/AC. In TiO2/MWCNT, the coating has special mechanism that... 

In this projekt, nanophotocatalysts containing metal oxides and oxy-acids based on the nanoporous materials were synthesized. The photocatalytic properties of the prepared samples were evaluated by the photodegradation of day moleculs in photocatalytic systems. The catalytic results revealed that Ag3VO4/Cu-MOF/rGO exhibits noticeably an improvement in both efficiency and rate of AB92 photodegradation in comparison with the pure Ag3VO4. Using different scanning mechanisms for the catalytic properties of the synthesized nanocomposites, it was clearly demonstrated that the anionic superoxide plays a decisive role. Reduction of 4-NP in the presence of NaBH4 was also used to investigate... 

Several nanostructured photocatalysts were prepared by sol-gel, hydrothermal and precipitation methods. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Their Photocatalytic activities were evaluated by degradation of organic pollutants in liquid-solid system. In this research work, the influence of metal oxide, copper oxide, on structure of nanocrystalline mesoporous titanium dioxide were evaluated. Different molar percentages of copper oxide on the surface of titanium dioxide were... 

In this project the RGO/Ag2O/g-C3N4 nanocomposite was synthesized, and characterized by different technique such as SEM, XRD, and FT-IR. Then its photocatalytic activity was investigated. The degradation percent for Acid-Blue 92 by this photocatalyst was estimated 81 in 45 minutes. Afterward, the photocatalyst activity was determined in different pH including 4, 7, 10. The best result was for pH=7. Then, the increasing concentration of dye were investigated and the results show that by increasing the concentration of 10 to 30 ppm, the photocatlytic activity decreased. Photocatalytic degradation process of AB92 were also carried out at different amount of photocatalyst. The mechanism of... 

Growing production of cement and concrete in developing countries like Iran in addition to high amounts of energy consumption and pollutants formation through production of cement has motivated researchers to partially replace it with suitable additive materials. In this study, the chemo-physical and microstructural properties of rice husk ash as an agricultural waste and its performance in cement mixtures as a pozzolan is experimantally investigated. Parameters influencing the pozzolanic properties of this material that are studied include the effect of acid leaching before pyro-processing, heating rate, retention time, and grinding time. Additionally, this material is compared with other... 

An environmentally friendly heterogeneous ternary carbon dots (CDs)/MIL-88B (Fe)/Bi2S3 nanocomposite was synthesized by a multistep method. In this study, we have studied low-temperature calcination with relatively inexpensive reactants. Fabricated nanocomposite structures were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, EIS, SEM, BET, and TGA techniques, demonstrating the decoration of the Bi2S3 on the CDs/MIL-88B (Fe) nanocomposite surface. MOF templating has been chosen as a systemic method for limited size CD formation inside MIL-88B (Fe) pores. The CD arrays also revealed an excellent efficacy for catalytic and photocatalytic applications. According to the experimental results, CDs/MIL-88B (Fe)/Bi2S3... 

The present work is based on the, synthesis and investigation of photocatalytic activity of TiO2, TiO2/MWCNT, ZnO and ZnO/MWCNT nanostructures. The nanostructures were prepared using multi-walled carbonnanotubes (MWCNT) as templates.The SEM images of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles and TiO2/MWCNT andZnO/MWCNT showed that nanosize TiO2 and ZnO particles homogeneously and densely supported on the surfaces of multiwall carbon nanotubes the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2, TiO2 /MWCNT, ZnO and ZnO/MWCNT was examined by the degradation of Basic Blue 41(BB41) under UV and Vis lights. The optimum conditions for degradation of BB41 on TiO2 where found to be: calcination temperature (450 °C), dye... 

ZnO nano particles and mordnite zeolite nano particles were prepared by precipitation method and hydrothermal method,respectively. The influence of solvent and surfactant in ZnO nano particles synthesis were studied to reform the structure of nano particles.These nano particles were based on different supports to improve and enhance their photocatalytic activities. Synthesized catalysts characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infra red spectra (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy and BET techniques. To investigated photocatalytic activity of the synthesized catalysts under UV irradiation, they were used to degradation bio-environmental... 

In this project, melamine formaldehyde was chosen as initial substrate for its high porosity. Then for having superhydrophobic surface, surface functional groups were silanized and deactivated as a result. It was assumed that high porosity of prepared sorbent and its nonpolar nature, can increase extraction efficiency. To study extraction efficiency of the prepared sorbent, it was filled inside a needle and used for needle-trap head-space extraction of BTEX (abbreviation for Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes). Needle packed with sorbent was held on headspace of sample containing BTEX and head- space was pumped with a peristaltic pump. Pumping introduces fresh sample to sorbent... 

Modified zeolitic nanostructures were prepared by sol-gel, hydrothermal and coprecipitation methods. At first step, natural zeolite was used as a support for preparing the Ag/AgBr/TiO2 photocatalysts. Their photocatalytic properties were studied by degradation of pollutants and microorganism inactivation at the presence of different illumination source. These processes were mechanistically investigated and the results were explained. At second step, mordenite anocrystals, which synthesized by hydrothermal method, were used as an effective support to prepare the AgX/TiO2/MOR photocatalysts. Photocatalytic degradation of an azo dye performed over these nanocomposites and a mechanism suggested...