Sharif Digital Repository

In this work we extend simple top-hat model of structure formation to the two component system made of baryonic and dark matter. We use Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum as the initial condition for the structures and calculate their evolution up to the present time. While we do not take into account some complications during the structure formation, such as the merging of galaxies, however this formalism can give us a qualitative picture from the formation of structures. We show that in this model small scale structures evolve faster than the larger ones and it predicts a down-top scenario for the structure formation. The trend of power spectrum in this model is compatible with the observations... 

In this study two-dimensional finite element models of Al/SiC metal matrix composites (MMC) by using of ABAQUS Explicit software are investigated. Chip formations and machining forces for three types of MMC with 5, 15 and 20% of SiC reinforcement particles were studied and compared with experimental data. The resulted chips in simulation and the generated chips in experiments have both continuous and saw tooth in appearance. On the other hand, the variation of the cutting forces with the cutting time in simulation and experiment have fluctuating diagram. This is due to the interaction between cutting tool and SiC particles during chip formation. ABAQUS explicit software was used for... 

Multiphase flows appear in many scientific and engineering applications. On the other hand, there has been a tremendous experimental and numerical investigation trying to understand complex fluid-fluid interfaces better. However, conventional CFD have certain limitations in complicated situations. Fortunately in the past two decades, new approaches, namely SPH and LBM (sometimes called meshless methods) have been developed. Since they are mesoscopic, they have been able to perform much better than conventional CFD. Especially, LBM is becoming more and more popular and has already been divided to many branches  

Recent observations of gravitational waves motivate investigations for the existence of primordial black holes (PBHs). We propose the observation of gravitational microlensing of distant quasars for the range of infrared to the submillimeter wavelengths by sublunar PBHs as lenses. The advantage of observations in the longer wavelengths, comparable to the Schwarzschild radius of the lens (i.e., Rsch≃λ) is the detection of the wave optics features of the gravitational microlensing. The observation of diffraction pattern in the microlensing light curve of a quasar can break the degeneracy between the lens parameters and determine directly the lens mass as well as the distance of the lens from... 

In this paper we investigate a simple parametrization scheme of the quintessence model given by Wetterich [Phys. Lett. B 594, 17 (2004)]. The crucial parameter of this model is the bending parameter b, which is related to the amount of dark energy in the early universe. Using the linear perturbation and the spherical infall approximations, we investigate the evolution of matter density perturbations in the variable dark energy model, and obtain an analytical expression for the growth index f. We show that increasing b leads to less growth of the density contrast δ, and also decreases the growth index. Giving a fitting formula for the growth index at the present time, we verify that the... 

In this investigation, we have studied the kinetics and mechanism of formation and desorption of H2S on the Pt(111) surface using a kinetic random walk model. The effect of temperature on the H2S formation was studied in the range of 85-150 K. It was observed that a maximum amount of H2S is formed at 90 K and the amount is reduced at higher temperatures. H2S production yield as a function of time at different initial sulfur coverage ranging from 0.02 to 0.33 ML (1 ML ≃ 1 x 1015 atoms/cm2) was also examined. It was obvious that as the initial S coverage increases, the rate of H2S formation rapidly increases and reaches a maximum value and then declines gradually. Furthermore, according to our... 

Effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles (80 nm) on the grain structure and phase formation in Ni-50Ti system during high-energy mechanical alloying (MA) was studied. While the formation of NiTi B2 phase occurs progressively during MA, it is shown that the hard inclusions cause abrupt phase formation at short milling times, particularly at higher nano-Al2O3 contents. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed significant grain refinement in the presence of alumina nanoparticles to sizes less than 10 nm, which precedes the formation of semicrystalline structure and reduces the diffusion length and thus accelerates the phase formation. The composite powder reached steady-state MA condition... 

Permeability reduction in porous media as a result of frail and tenuous fine particles migration would decrease the productivity index in the subterranean reservoirs. During reservoir stimulation by injecting fluids into the reservoir, as the salinity condition of the formation brine changes, fine particles initiate the triggering process. In this study, MgO-based nanofluid as a fines fixation agent was stably prepared based on the particle size distribution and characterized through transmission electron microscopy analysis. Afterward, several core flooding tests were performed using Berea sandstone cores to study the effect of nanofluid injection on fines fixation in the water shock... 

A reduction in catalyst activity with time-on-stream and formation of side products are the major problems associated with catalytic propane dehydrogenation. Coke formation on the catalyst surface is the most important cause for catalyst deactivation. Experiments have indicated that the presence of very small amounts of oxygenated additives such as water can reduce the amount of coke accumulated on the catalyst surface and enhance catalyst activity. Addition of water beyond an optimum level, however, would result in a loss of activity due to sintering of catalyst. Propane dehydrogenation over a Pt-Sn/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in the temperature range of 575 to 620 °C was investigated in the presence... 

A simple, fast, and sensitive colorimetric technique for determination of laccase activity using dopamine (DA) induced growth of colloidal gold nanoparticles is proposed. It was found that the reduction of AuCl4 − to colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by dopamine (DA) in the presence of citrate ion as stabilizing agent produced a very intense surface plasmon resonance peak of AuNPs at 530 nm. As the activity of laccase (at fixed concentration of DA) increases, the oxidation of DA to dopamine-o-quinone (DOQ) is enhanced. The latter product could not act as the reducing agent for the reduction of AuCl4 − to AuNPs. So, as the activity of laccase increases, the absorbance characteristic to the... 

The polycarbonate (PC)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blend membranes were prepared by phase inversion process applied to membrane bioreactor (MBR) to investigate the fouling characteristics. The impact of TPU and poly (vinylpyrrolidone) PVP concentration in polymer dopes on membrane structure, morphology, and performance were studied. The flat sheet fabricated membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), water contact angle (WCA), membrane surface roughness measurements and mechanical strength. The membrane performance was investigated at subcritical operating conditions. Pure water and critical flux through the fabricated membranes were measured for better... 

A simple, fast, and sensitive colorimetric technique for determination of laccase activity using dopamine (DA) induced growth of colloidal gold nanoparticles is proposed. It was found that the reduction of AuCl4 − to colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by dopamine (DA) in the presence of citrate ion as stabilizing agent produced a very intense surface plasmon resonance peak of AuNPs at 530 nm. As the activity of laccase (at fixed concentration of DA) increases, the oxidation of DA to dopamine-o-quinone (DOQ) is enhanced. The latter product could not act as the reducing agent for the reduction of AuCl4 − to AuNPs. So, as the activity of laccase increases, the absorbance characteristic to the... 

Nanomanipulation as a new emerging area enables precise manipulation, interaction and control at the nanoscale. Currently, the modeling schemes are based on continuum mechanics approaches. A main consideration in the nanomanipulation process is the fact that surface attraction forces are greater than gravitational forces at the nanoscale. In other words, surface area properties dominate volume properties. Especially at the nanoscale (i.e. the manipulation of fine nanoparticles with size of about 5 nm) the physical phenomena have not been completely understood. Along this line of reasoning, the aim of this paper is to conduct an atomistic investigation of physical interaction analysis of... 

Red mud (RM) is generated as a by-product during the production of alumina from bauxite ore. In this study, RM packing in a column is used as a catalyst for carbon–carbon double bond formation via Knoevenagel condensation. The reactants are added to the top of the column and then eluted with solvent. The products are collected in high yields and short time. RM packed in a column eliminates a catalyst separation step from the reaction mixture in this work. © 2007 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC  

In this work the effect of electrolytes on hydrate formation was investigated. To do so, a new model was used in predicting the hydrate formation conditions in presence of both single and mixed electrolyte solutions. The new model is based on the van der Waals - Platteeuw hydrate equation of state. In order to evaluate the values for the activity of water in electrolyte solutions the simplified version of the Ghotbi-Vera Mean Spherical Approximation (SGV-MSA) model was used. According to the SGV-MSA model the ions in the solutions are considered as charged hard spheres with different sizes. The values of the parameters for the SGV-MSA model are independent of temperature and depend only on... 

The current study presents a simple and scalable method for the synthesis of (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid-functionalized graphene oxide (AMPA-GO) adsorbent. The chemical structure of the new material was disclosed by different instrumental analyses (e.g. FTIR, Raman, XPS, AFM, TEM, XRD, CHN, and UV), and two pertinent mechanisms namely nucleophilic substitution and condensation were suggested for its formation. Adsorption experiments revealed that both AMPA-GO and plain GO have a high affinity toward Th(IV) ions, but the AMPA-GO is superior in terms of adsorption capacity, rate of adsorption, selectivity, pH effect, etc. Indeed, the AMPA-GO can uptake Th(IV) nearly instantaneously, and... 

We study the statistical mechanics of binary systems under the gravitational interaction of the Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) in three-dimensional space. Considering the binary systems in the microcanonical and canonical ensembles, we show that in the microcanonical systems, unlike the Newtonian gravity, there is a sharp phase transition, with a high-temperature homogeneous phase and a low-temperature clumped binary one. Defining an order parameter in the canonical systems, we find a smoother phase transition and identify the corresponding critical temperature in terms of the physical parameters of the binary system. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland  

Although there is extensive experimental, theoretical and numerical research on dynamics of drop formation in liquid-liquid systems, the evaluation of mass transfer during drop formation is rather complex and there has been little research on that. The various mathematical models developed for this problem are generally based on a solution of the diffusion equation without any allowance for circulation within the drop. This is the main reason for the poor prediction of these models in many cases for which internal convection has an important effect on mass transfer rate. In this paper an attempt was made to define a parameter related to the extent of the convective mixing within the growing... 

Prediction of supersolubility and the width of the metastable zone has been a major concern among the workers in the field of industrial crystallization. Operation of crystallizers under the optimum supersaturation low enough to attain the desired product quality (Median Particle Size, Crystal Size Distribution (CSD), Shape, Purity) being one motif. The inherent relationship between the subject and the most fundamental concepts of crystallization being the other. Studying the conditions of primary homogenous nucleation and the crystal growth kinetics has been conducted for a wide range of inorganic materials. A simple probabilistic term called chance of having the desirable species...