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fuel-cells
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Quantitative analysis of irreversibilities causes voltage drop in fuel cell (simulation & modeling)
, Article Electrochimica Acta ; Volume 50, Issue 2-3 SPEC. ISS , 2004 , Pages 699-704 ; 00134686 (ISSN) ; Saboohi, Y ; Sharif University of Technology
2004
Abstract
Power level of a fuel cell depends on its operating condition, which is product of voltage and current-density the highest level of voltage is identified as reversible open circuit voltage (ROCV), which represents an ideal theoretical case [J. Larmin, A. Dicks, Fuel Cell System Explained, Willy, 2000 (ISBN)]. Compared to that is ideal operating voltage which is usually characterized as open circuit voltage (OCV) [J. Larmin, A. Dicks, Fuel Cell System Explained, Willy, 2000 (ISBN)]. An evaluation of deviation of operating voltage level from ideal operational case may provide information on the extent of improving efficiency and energy efficiency of a fuel cell. Therefore, quantification of...
Application of coupled lattice boltzmann and Phase-field methods for multiphase flow simulations
, Article ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conf. Collocated with the ASME 2013 7th Int. Conf. on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th Int. Conf. on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, HT 2013 ; 2013 ; ISBN: 9780791855492 ; Patil, D. V ; Banerjee, S ; Sharif University Of Technology
Abstract
Coupling of lattice Boltzmann (LB) and phase-field (PF) methods is discussed for simulation of a range of multiphase flow problems. The local relaxation and shifting operators make the LB method an attractive candidate for the simulation of the single-phase as well as multiphase flows. For simulating interface dynamics, LB methods require to be coupled with an appropriate scheme representing interfacial dynamics. To this end, we have used a model based on the order parameter, which could be either an index function or a phase-field variable, and coupled it with a LB solver for the simulation of various classes of complex multi-physics and multiphase flows. The LB method is used to compute...
Design, Construction and Analysis of Fuel Cell and Battery Hybrid Power System Based on Optimal Power Strategy
,
M.Sc. Thesis
Sharif University of Technology
;
Roshandel, Ramin
(Supervisor)
Abstract
Focusing on fossil fuel to secure energy demand lead to big challenges. Hydrogen as alternative for fossil fuel has attracted a lot of attentions. Fuel cell with an electrochemical reaction which it’s byproducts are water and heat convert Hydrogen into electricity. High efficiency and low environmental pollution, persuade many researchers toward fuel cell commercialization. But problems such as high cost, high power oscillation and inertia, avoid fuel cell from significant development. One way to deal with these problems is using the fuel cell and battery hybrid system. In recent decade too many research has been made in utilizing this hybrid system in transportation. This project...
Use of technology mapping in identification of fuel cell sub-technologies
, Article International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ; Volume 35, Issue 17 , 2010 , Pages 9516-9525 ; 03603199 (ISSN) ; Bagheri Moghaddam, N ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
Technology Identification involves developing a list of technologies which are, or may be, incorporated into products or processes. After reviewing Technology Assessment, Technology Strategy, Management of Technology and New Product Development in literature, four methods of Technology Identification are investigated: Value Chain of Technologies, Process-based Approach, Quality Function Deployment and Technology Mapping. A model facilitating decision making process is then proposed by which the most appropriate method to be employed is identified. The proposed model is examined in specific case of fuel cell technologies while preparing the Fuel cell Development Strategic Plan of Iran. 1...
Electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol on flexible three-dimensional interconnected nickel/gold composite foams in alkaline media
, Article Electroanalysis ; Volume 31, Issue 3 , 2019 , Pages 504-511 ; 10400397 (ISSN) ; Rezvani, E ; Sedighian Rasouli, A ; Simchi, A. R ; Sharif University of Technology
Wiley-VCH Verlag
2019
Abstract
In this work, a porous and flexible three-dimensional (3D) nickel/gold nanoparticle electrode (NiF/AuNPs) is presented as an efficient electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation in alkaline media. The 3D nanocomposite electrode consists of interconnected porous nickel foam (NiF) with large pores (500±200 μm diameter) surrounded by interconnected struts (∼100 μm) that are decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, 37±8 nm) through in-situ electrochemical deposition. The catalytic performance of the 3D electrode was evaluated by different electrochemical methods. An enhancement in the performance (about 253 %) and a remarkable decline in onset potential (about ∼0.63 V) in comparison with pristine...
High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Advantages and technical challenges
, Article 18th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, CHISA 2008, Prague, 24 August 2008 through 28 August 2008 ; 2008 ; Rowshanzamir, S ; Eikani, M. H ; Sedghid, S ; Peighambardoust, S. J ; Sharif University of Technology
2008
Abstract
High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC) are polymeric fuel cells that can operate at 120°-200°C). Preparation of new heat-resistant HT-PEMFC materials, e.g., membrane and electrodes, is the most challenging problem for these kinds of fuel cells. A discussion covers the benefits of HT-PEMFC; challenges in developing novel materials for membranes preparation; polymeric membranes of HT-PEMFC; improvement of high temperature membranes; high temperature membranes characteristics and types; and importance of electrodes porosity for HT-PEMFC. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 18th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering (Prague, Czech...
Optimized cooling system for pem fuel cell stack based on entropy generation minimization
, Article Proceedings of the 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis - 2004, Manchester, 19 July 2004 through 22 July 2004 ; Volume 1 , 2004 , Pages 97-103 ; 0791841731 (ISBN); 9780791841730 (ISBN) ; Mozafari, A. A ; Sharifian, L ; Sharif University of Technology
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
2004
Abstract
Cell temperature in fuel cells is an important parameter which highly affects fuel cell stack efficiency. A suitable cooling system should satisfy an acceptable temperature range. In this research a relevant cooling system for a specified PEM fuel cell stack has been proposed complying with the criteria and cooling requirements of the fuel cell. The effect of various parameters on the entropy generation and temperature distribution in the cooling plates are surveyed. The number of cooling plates, the number of channels in each cooling plate and the channel width is determined. Two flow regimes namely laminar and turbulent flows of the cooling fluid in channels are analyzed and a design...
Optimization of the pem fuel cell cooling system by entropy generation minimization
, Article 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology, 2005, Ypsilanti, MI, 23 May 2005 through 25 May 2005 ; 2005 , Pages 441-448 ; 0791837645 (ISBN); 9780791837641 (ISBN) ; Saidi, M. H ; Sharif University of Technology
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
2005
Abstract
Cooling system is essential for high power fuel cells to maintain cells temperature in an acceptable limit. In this paper a suitable cooling system for the PEM fuel cell has been designed and optimized. The design includes the number of the cooling plates, the proper circuit of the cooling channels in the plates, the channel dimensions, the flow rate of the cooling fluid and its temperature. The optimization technique is minimization of the entropy generation through the cooling plates. The design of the cooling channels and plates is such that the plate temperature doesn't exceed from a desired temperature and the temperature variation in the plate becomes minimized. In this design, the...
Effects of catalyst loading gradient in catalyst layers on performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
, Article Renewable Energy ; Volume 50 , February , 2013 , Pages 921-931 ; 09601481 (ISSN) ; Ahmadi, F ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
In this paper, numerical and analytical approaches are presented to evaluate the effect of catalyst loading gradient in the catalyst layer (CL) of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The model is developed based on agglomerate catalyst and accounts for reactant spices and charge (ion and electron) transport in the cathode side of a PEM fuel cell. The special variation of catalyst loading is considered in two direction, "across the layer" from membrane/CL interface to gas diffusion layer (GDL) and "in catalyst plane" under the channels and land areas in the channel direction. A fuel cell test stand is designed and built to facilitate experimental validation of the model. The...
Exergy, economic, and environmental analysis of a PEM fuel cell power system to meet electrical and thermal energy needs of residential buildings
, Article Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology ; Volume 9, Issue 5 , 2012 ; 1550624X (ISSN) ; Ehyaei, M. A ; Mozafari, A ; Atabi, F ; Hajidavalloo, E ; Shalbaf, S ; Sharif University of Technology
ASME
2012
Abstract
In this paper, a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell power system including burner, steam reformer, heat exchanger, and water heater has been considered. A PEM fuel cell system is designed to meet the electrical, domestic hot water, heating, and cooling loads of a residential building located in Tehran. Operating conditions of the system with consideration of the electricity cost has been studied. The cost includes social cost of the environmental pollutants (e.g. CO 2, CO and NO). The results show that the maximum energy needs of the building can be met by 12 fuel cell stacks with nominal capacity of 8.5 kW. Annual average electricity cost of thissystem is equal to 0.39 US$/kWh and...
Effect of casting solvent on the characteristics of nafion/TiO2 nanocomposite membranes for microbial fuel cell application
, Article International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ; Volume 41, Issue 1 , 2016 , Pages 476-482 ; 03603199 (ISSN) ; Mousavi, S. A ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2016
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of Nafion/TiO2 membranes (TiO2 1 wt%) with different solvents (DMF, DMAc, NMP) for proton exchange membrane operating at Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) was investigated in this study. Nanocomposite membranes are studied due to their better physical properties and higher production voltage in comparison with Nafion 112 in MFC systems. Nafion/TiO2 nanocomposite membranes were prepared by solution casting Method. The structures of membranes were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, water uptake, proton conductivity, and ion exchange capacity (IEC) of membranes were measured and compared with Nafion 112 in microbial fuel cell. The...
Long term performance degradation analysis and optimization of anode supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks
, Article Energy Conversion and Management ; Volume 133 , 2017 , Pages 20-30 ; 01968904 (ISSN) ; Roshandel, R ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2017
Abstract
The main objective of this work is minimizing the cost of electricity of solid oxide fuel cell stacks by decelerating degradation mechanisms rate in long term operation for stationary power generation applications. The degradation mechanisms in solid oxide fuel cells are caused by microstructural changes, reactions between lanthanum strontium manganite and electrolyte, poisoning by chromium, carburization on nickel particles, formation of nickel sulfide, nickel coarsening, nickel oxidation, loss of conductivity and crack formation in the electrolyte. The rate of degradation mechanisms depends on the cell operating conditions (cell voltage and fuel utilization). In this study, the degradation...
Degradation based operational optimization model to improve the productivity of energy systems, case study: Solid oxide fuel cell stacks
, Article Energy Conversion and Management ; Volume 158 , 2018 , Pages 81-91 ; 01968904 (ISSN) ; Hafeznezami, S ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2018
Abstract
In the present study a comprehensive thermodynamic model and degradation based optimization framework for energy management of anode supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks are carried out. The optimization framework determines optimum operating conditions to maximize system productivity (energy generation over system lifetime) considering degradation mechanisms. The main degradation mechanisms in anode supported SOFCs are nickel coarsening and oxidation. In this study, the optimum operating conditions regarding these degradation mechanisms to achieve maximum productivity at different target lifetimes are derived. The results show that target lifetime has a significant impact on system...
Two strategies for multi-objective optimisation of solid oxide fuel cell stacks
, Article International Journal of Sustainable Energy ; Vol. 33, issue. 4 , 2014 , p. 854-868 ; Behzadi Forough, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
This paper focuses on multi-objective optimisation (MOO) to optimise the planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks performance using a genetic algorithm. MOO problem does not have a single solution, but a complete Pareto curve, which involves the optional representation of possible compromise solutions. Here, two pairs of different objectives are considered as distinguished strategies. Optimisation of the first strategy predicts a maximum power output of 108.33 kW at a breakeven per-unit energy cost of 0.51 $/kWh and minimum breakeven per-unit energy cost of 0.30 $/kWh at a power of 42.18 kW. In the second strategy, maximum efficiency of 63.93%at a breakeven per-unit energy cost of 0.42...
Bioelectricity Generation in a Soil Microbial Fuel Cell with Biocathode Denitrification
, Article ; Volume 37, Issue 19 , 2015 , Pages 2092-2098 ; 15567036 (ISSN) ; Roshandel, R ; Yaghmaei, S ; Vajihinejad, V ; Sherafatmand, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Taylor and Francis Inc
2015
Abstract
A soil microbial fuel cell was investigated that uses soil and groundwater to generate electricity. The cathode surface area and materials are always important for increasing power. Power density was shown to be a linear function of cathode surface area. Biofilm formation on the graphite cathode was observed to be helpful in enhancing power output and maximum performance reached 89.2 mW/m2. As an application for the insertion-type soil microbial fuel cell, nitrate removing was investigated in cathode. Nitrate was reduced in an aerobic cathode at the rate of 37.5 mg nitrate/lit/day and 55 mg nitrate/lit/day in anaerobic cathode
Integration of miniature heat pipes into a proton exchange membrane fuel cell for cooling applications
, Article Heat Transfer Engineering ; Volume 38, Issue 18 , 2017 , Pages 1595-1605 ; 01457632 (ISSN) ; Roshandel, R ; Behshad Shafii, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
In proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operations, the electrochemical reactions produce a rise in temperature. A fuel cell stack therefore requires an effective cooling system for optimum performance. In this study, miniature heat pipes were applied for cooling in PEMFC. Three alternatives were considered in tests: free convection, forced convection cooling with air, and also water. An analytical model was developed to show the possibility of evoking heat from inside a fuel cell stack with different numbers of miniature heat pipes. An experiment setup was designed and then used for further analysis. The proposed experiment setup consisted of a simulated fuel cell that produced heat...
Modeling of microfluidic microbial fuel cells using quantitative bacterial transport parameters
, Article Journal of Power Sources ; Volume 342 , 2017 , Pages 1017-1031 ; 03787753 (ISSN) ; Yaghmaei, S ; Kalantar, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2017
Abstract
The objective of present study is to analyze the dynamic modeling of bioelectrochemical processes and improvement of the performance of previous models using quantitative data of bacterial transport parameters. The main deficiency of previous MFC models concerning spatial distribution of biocatalysts is an assumption of initial distribution of attached/suspended bacteria on electrode or in anolyte bulk which is the foundation for biofilm formation. In order to modify this imperfection, the quantification of chemotactic motility to understand the mechanisms of the suspended microorganisms’ distribution in anolyte and/or their attachment to anode surface to extend the biofilm is implemented...
Exergetic optimization of a PEM fuel cell for domestic hot water heater
, Article Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology ; Volume 2, Issue 4 , 2005 , Pages 284-289 ; 1550624X (ISSN) ; Abbassi, A ; Ehyaei, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2005
Abstract
In this paper, a 5 kW PEM fuel cell including burner, steam reformer, and water heater for domestic application has been considered. Water is used for cooling of the fuel cell. Cold water is passed through a cooling channel, warmed up and used for domestic water heating. To increase the efficiency, outlet steam of fuel cell is fed to the reformer. The perfomance of the system is optimized by exergy analysis based on the second law of thermodynamics. Also, the effect of burner, fuel cell temperature and stoichiometric air fuel ratio are investigated. In this analysis, pressure loss in the fuel cell and heat transfer of the cooling channel are taken into account whereas, pressure loss in...
Deriving The Main Functions of The Fuel Cell Technology Intelligence System in The National Context
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Malaek, Mohammad Bagher (Supervisor)
Abstract
In developing countries, especially those which are importer of advanced technology in policymakers as well as decision makers face multiple options in the selection, acquisition, application, and development of technology fields. Any appropriate and on-time response to these issues with regard to the dynamics of the market is the one of essential challenges in the technology policymaking which is arrayed in this thesis. The term “Technology Intelligence" is a generic solution for dealing with such a challenge. This research is a part of the development process of the technology intelligence system in the national context which emphasizes the field of “Fuel Cell Technology” as the...
Development of a Reduced-Order Model for Control of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Systems
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Pishvaie, Mahmoud Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this thesis, a reduced model of a distributed one-dimensional Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system is presented. Consequently the reduced model is used to estimate the states of the exact model. The reduced model is derived using the exact solution of the distributed model and implementing the Karhunen-Loève-Galerkin procedure. To achieve an exact solution of the distributed model, method of lines is used. In the method of lines, accuracy of the solution depends on the number of grid points. To increase the accuracy, the number of grid points should be increased which will lead to a high order dynamic model. Such a model is not suitable for state estimation, optimization or control...