Sharif Digital Repository

In this project a framework for Model Based Fault Diagnosis (MBFD) in a Gas Transmission Network (GTN) was developed. A black-box linear state-space model was used to capture dynamic behavior of an industrial benchmark for GTN. A full fledge commercial network simulator were used to obtain the required data for process identification. In order to check the robustness of the model zero mean white noise was imposed on various output obtained by the commercial simulator. Kalman filter was used to estimate the states of the GTN. These estimated states along with the measured output (all obtained from the commercial simulator) are almost similar to their corresponding estimated signal. This shows... 

The purpose of this project is to study the interactions between process design and process control in a gas transmission pipeline. A part of gas pipeline in two conditions is considered, 1: The gas pipeline that has nominal structure and 2: the one with optimal structure by using an economic objective function that considers the capital and operation cost. To aim this object, by creation of an interface to communicate decision variables between MATLA (as an optimizer and controller engine) and Aspen HYSYS (as a pipeline simulator) is attempted to design and then control the pipeline with to control algorithms PI and MPC. Finally the interaction between process design and process is... 

Nowadays, one of the most challenging issues concerning the manufacturing industries is the shortage of available resources and their increased costs. As a matter of the fact, for these industries, optimizing the processes is not something to be ignored and one of the most important goals is reducing the costs of manufacturing and increasing the profits of sales. On the other hand, in actual situations, due to the complexities of optimization problem and numerous calculations, the classical methods would be limited to very simplistic cases in which most of the practical changes are ignored. In such problems, the need to use strong optimization techniques like the genetic algorithm is evident... 

Due to global warming and its environmental effects caused by increasing greenhouse gases concentration there are various agreement between different countries that forced countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide. In this research, we using a nonlinear model and focusing on Assaluyeh region and identifying the sources of carbon dioxide emissions and the oil reservoir for carbon dioxide injection, we optimize the pipeline network for carbon dioxide transportation.Different values of input pressure, oil prices and carbon tax have been investigated. According to the results in the base case, the profit is equal to 149.28 million USD in year. If carbon tax is... 

Multi-vector energy (MVE) networks are one of the most complex systems which are attractive to many researchers. In this work, an integrated gas-power transmission network as an MVE network has been studied. The MVE benchmark used in this work comprises a gas transmission network, which is the core of the MVE, a power transmission network, and a Syn-Gas plant. The gas transmission network supplies the gas demands of its consumers. The main objective of this thesis is to design appropriate controllers to maintain the states of the gas network in its desired condition. Since the gas network is distributed parameter system and its model is an infinite dimensional state space, it is either... 

Total Energy consumed in the compressor stations severely affects the gas transmission costs. Currently steady-state optimizations are used to solve “Minimize Fuel Cost Problem” (MFCP) in gas transmission networks. But due to the fast changing demand and maintaining the linepack of network, these methods are not able to find best solution for MFCP. Control of natural gas transmission system is a challenging task due to the system large dimension, lots of operating constraints and small number of measurements compared to the number of system states. In this thesis it is first shown that most of the pipeline systems have a mild nonlinear behavior. A heuristic method for identification of large... 

Monitoring and control of gas transmission networks are very challenging and important, this is due to the fact that interactions between various elements in the transmission network severely affect network’s overall performance. This makes it crucial for the monitoring and control systems to take into account the topology of the network, in their decision making and control scenario’s. On the other hand, in the event of any abnormality in the network behavior, , in order to accurately and quickly detect the cause of the abnormal conditions, there is a need for rapid and effective analysis of the network based on the measurements made therein and to identify the key and effective situations... 

Natural Gas is one of the most important energy resources in the world. The U.S energy information administration(EIA) has reported that natural gas consumption will increase until 2030 in all participating sectors including industrial, domestic and electricity production.Although the use of natural gas as a source of energy has many advantages, natural gas physical condition made it’s transfer so challenging. Among the various types of transmission methods, using pipline is so conventional. Natural gas can be transmited through pipelines in a safe and reliable manner upto thousands of kilometers. For this reason, operation monitoring and control of gas transmission networks are so... 

In plant-wide systems, faults can easily propagate due to the interconnection of streams. The main objective of this paper is to develop a systematic framework for online decision support system (DSS) in order to make the right decision to get the process out of critical conditions (which cannot be handled by the plant controllers) smoothly. One of the key features of the proposed approach is its lack of dependence on prior knowledge of the fault signals (e.g. number of faults, and their origin). In the proposed scheme, the plant is modeled by a fuzzy directed graph (FDG). The proposed scheme utilizes a backward reasoning based on the deviations that exists in the process variables... 

Identification and control of nonlinear systems have been always such important subjects based on nonlinearities of many processes. For instance, identification and control of gas transmission networks can be mentioned as one of the challenging problems related to their complexity and existence of different variables. The purpose of this project is identification of a nonlinear model for defining a gas transmission network and implementing a model predictive control algorithm based on identified model. Hence, first, a volterra model is implemented for identification of a pH neutralization process and then, that model is used for identification of a gas transmission network. Finally, by... 

Increasing demand for natural gas in various parts of energy sectors results in the rapid boost of analysis tools necessitates the development of the appropriate pieces of software for both simulation and optimization of the transient behavior of the gas transmission networks as an important part of the gas industries. The main objective of this project was the development of a dynamic and compositional simulator in an extensible, robust, reusable and yet maintainable manner. To achieve this goal, the object-oriented approach was used as the software development paradigm. After going through the analysis and design of this software based on an object-oriented methodology, it has been... 

Monitoring of natural gas transmission networks, is one of the necessities for efficient, safe, and economical operation of energy supply networks. In order to efficiently control and monitor the operation of gas transmission network, various states of the network (like temperature, pressure, and flow) should be available. Among these states, some can be easily measured, and the rest should be estimated based on these measurements throughout the network. In this project, an algorithm to obtain near optimal locations of various measuring devices has been proposed. Furthermore, a method for estimation of the states of transmission network based on these measurements and Machine Learning has... 

Traditionally, different energy carriers are operated and planned independently. In recent years, with the growth of technology, communication has increased between different energy carrier-systems, in particular within electricity and natural gas networks. The attention to the links between various energy carriers has led to the formation of a new concept called the Energy Hub (EH). In this research, the problem of capacity development planning for gas power plant, CHP and boiler has been studied in a specified time horizon for several energy hubs, so as to meet the demand for electrical and thermal energy. It is worthy to note that the development of electricity and natural gas... 

Gas transmission networks play an important role in multi-vector energy networks. Therefore, reliable and efficient control of gas transmission networks with the minimum energy consumption is utmost task and is still an active research area. This work, introduces a distributed, model-free, and game-theoretic approach comprising a simultaneous game followed by a sequential game, to achieve the control objectives in gas transmission networks. The cooperative game approach is adopted for this purpose. In the proposed method two fuzzy inference systems have been used to obtain the payoff of each player in the game of gas transmission network control, the first one has been used to determine the... 

Gas transmission networks, as one of the most important energy transport networks, are used to transport gas from production facilities to major gas consumers. These networks possess very complex behavior due to their severely nonlinear equations, their temporal and spatial broadness, the compressibility feature of the fluid that passes through them, and their relationship and interdependency with other energy material generation, transportation, and distribution infrastructures through multi-vector energy systems. Hence, the management and coordination of these networks are challenging. In this regard, the most demanding problem of such networks is their expansion planning due to the...