Sharif Digital Repository

The question of whether sex preferences are present in a certain country has long been of interest for economists and demographers. This study first investigates the existence of these preferences among Iranian parents. Next, if any preference are present, it turns to the task of inferring the quality of the observed preferences. There are two widely used methods for addressing these issues in the literature. The first method is to estimate a Logit model which relates the probability of a mother giving birth to a new child, to the sexes of her previous children. The second one is to estimate a Proportional Hazard model in order to investigate the relationship of the time interval between... 

Women are going to play more important roles in the economy of most countries including Iran. Hence, since the number of entrepreneurs among women is increasing, identifying characteristics and other factors that cause these group to be successful, is a critical issue. Studies show that entrepreneurs, especially women entrepreneurs, face numerous problems in their career. These problems are especially more demanding in societies with unique cultural attributes. Therefore, applying personal and managerial solutions in order to overcome these problems are necessary. On the other hand, researchers believe that one of the most effective and beneficial concepts helping entrepreneurs in their... 

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between household poverty and the gender of the head in the Iranian households. The self-reported gender of the head of household (FHH), underestimates the rate of poverty in female- head households (FHH). The self-reported gender of the head of household considers, conventionally, a family as male-head, even if the man of the family is incapable of making money. In much of these families the wife is the sole income holder even though she is not recognized as the head. In this study, a definition for household headship is introduced, which considers head of household the one who provides more than 50% of household income. Using household’s... 

This paper provides and empirical investigation of individual labor supply of Iranian spouses in a collective framework in which gender ratio and plays a central role in the decision process in household. The data set is taken from the socioeconomic characteristics of panel survey over 2001-2004 and ten yearly headcount of Iran. We have conducted the parameters estimation and hypothesis testing by Semykina, A. and Wooldridge, J.M., (2005) generalized procedure of sample selection in panel data model. Our findings explore that females’ labor supply is affected significantly and strongly by the gender ratio, (total number of males over the females in provinces, both in urban and rural areas)....