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Commercial zinc oxide: a facile, efficient, and eco-friendly catalyst for the one-pot three-component synthesis of multisubstituted 2-aminothiophenes via the Gewald reaction
, Article Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research ; Volume 51, Issue 44 , October , 2012 , Pages 14577-14582 ; 08885885 (ISSN) ; Ahmadi, S. J ; Rezaei Seresht, E ; Javadi, F ; Yasemi, M. A ; Hosseinpour, M ; Maleki, B ; Sharif University of Technology
2012
Abstract
An eco-friendly, simple, and effective protocol is developed for the synthesis of various multisubstituted 2-aminothiophenes. In the presence of a catalytic amount of ZnO (5 mol), ketones or aldehydes, malononitrile and elemental sulfur were converted to the corresponding 2-aminothiophene derivatives in moderate to high yields (27%-70%) under solvent-free conditions at 100 °C. Zinc oxide as an efficient, readily available, and reusable catalyst, showed very good catalytic activity for the synthesis of 2-aminothiophene derivatives. Thus far, little research has been reported on the Gewald reaction under solvent-free conditions; to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that it has...