Sharif Digital Repository

Nowadays because of population growth and limitation of fossil fuels for power generation purpose, utilization of renewable energy sources has become highlighted. According to the geographical situation for use of wind energy, since some areas of Iran are in suitable conditions the manufacture of wind turbines and installation in wind farms has been under development recently. Monitoring the performance and operation of turbines and wind farms is an inevitable matter. Because of the suitable geographical location of Iran and pursuant to fair wind potential sites widespread this country, this phenomenon requires some backgrounds in many aspects to be achieved. One of the most important... 

Groundwater beneath the cities is becoming an important and valuable resource. Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater is likely to become increasingly more common as urban population grows by time. Therefore, one important requirement for urban water management planning is forecasting the groundwater level fluctuations. Unfortunately less experience and information is available to evaluate the fluctuations of groundwater level in urban environment compare to the natural systems, also different processes (sources) are involved in an urban water cycle, which all together make it more complicated to study. Similar to many other megacities, there is a serious lack of hydrogeological and... 

One of the important tools that we frequently use in life is the map. In every day movements we can use the maps in order to navigate and find our way. We also utilize the maps to find out more about our surrounding world. GIS is the key technology which can help us reach these goals. In GIS generally there are 2 methods for representing geographic data, these methods are Raster and Vector data representation. In this thesis our purpose is to find another way for representing GIS data by using vector format. In this new representation we can access to information which are not accessible in regular maps. So we generate a new flexible platform for GIS data. Thus in order to represent new... 

Optimum railroad alignment, which can be categorized into continuous problems, has been a conundrum for engineers because of two reasons: At the first, there is a wide variety of information that is necessary for finding optimum one. Secondly, the major costs of a railway, such as length-dependent, traffic-dependent, volume-dependent and location-dependent are affected by the numerous factors so that, it may be difficult to formulate them. In order to solve large scale continuous optimization problems, there are two approaches: firstly, such problems may be tackled with a combinatorial optimization algorithm, e.g. ant colony optimization (ACO), by the continuous range of allowed values are... 

The citizens’ dissatisfaction with the decreased life and residential care quality is increasing as a result of the rapid growth and development of cities. To find an effective solution to reduce and control these harmful effects is one of the main concerns of urban managers and planners in most countries. In this research, various ecological and sustainability criteria were selected through library-based studies and relative recognition of the region. The Maps were mostly provided through satellite imagery and some by using synoptic data collected from the official aerology website of the country, Iran. Through surveying the experts, different criteria were evaluated and based on the... 

The problem of path simplification is an important problem in computer science. With the advances in navigation and geographical information based systems, simplification and data compression have gained considerable importance. The intends to find a path with less weight than the provided path while estimating the initial path with good accuracy and simplifying the storage and process cost of path information. This problem is not only useful in Geographical Information Systems, but it also has use cases in image processing and computer graphics and has been studied a lot in computational geometry. In this research, we introduce a simplification game that models the limited version of the... 

Artificial recharge is an effective method of enhancing groundwater resources. Different methods are being used for aquifer recharge, including direct surface and subsurface method, Combined and indirect methods. Among these, direct surface methods such as flood spreading and ditch and furrow techniques are most commonly used methods. They are frequently used in Iran too, but what is disregarded herein, is the application of modern methods of artificial recharge such as ASR and ASTR. ASR and ASTR are methods of artificial recharge through injection wells/borings, in order to recharge deep-seated or those aquifers which are separated by impermeable stratum from the surface. These methods,... 

The growing requirements for renewable energy production lead to the development of a new series of systems, including wave and tidal energy conversion systems. Due to their sensitivity and the impact of the aggressive marine environment, the selection of the most adequate location for these systems is a major and very important task. Several factors, such as technological limitations, environmental conditions, administrative and logistic conditions, have to be taken into account in order to support the decision for best location. The aim of the present study is to provide an Atlas of IRAN Offshore Renewable Energy Resources (hereafter called ‘the Atlas’) to map out wave and tidal resources... 

Groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid regions, which the most parts of them have not had enough surface water, is of great importance. Due to the paramount importance of these vital resources, many scholars have conducted various studies on groundwater contamination and, especially, on nitrate as the best indicator of groundwater contamination because of its ability to transport, its low absorption, and its durability in water. In this study, using qualitative methods, groundwater contamination of Mashhad aquifer was evaluated, and then in order to obtain better adjustment with urban areas, these methods were modified which resulted in better correlation with measured nitrat. Based on... 

To reduce construction costs selecting the optimal route for water conveyance line entails ample observation and considering all effective parameters. Some part of Aidoghmoush dam project of water conveyance line located in Azerbijan the east has been investigated in this research. First, by investigating, effective factors in determining the optimal route have been identified and then categorized into two groups of quantitative criteria(technical-economical) and qualitative criteria(environmental). Quantitative objectives include: slope, transportation system, infrastructures, fault and soil type. Qualitative objectives include: environmental considerations, land use and land cover. Because... 

Location observations from Global Positioning System (GPS) loggers are an important source of data for travel behavior researchers. Using GPS, requires a receiver, a digital map and a software that matches the user logged positions to the map. Identifying the location of the GPS data points on a coded map of the transportation network is not a trivial process. There is always an error in calculating the coordinates obtained from the GPS satellites, and also the available maps are not accurate enough. As a result, map-matching always carries some errors. Thus, different algorithms to do this mapping more precisely are presented. The output of the map-matching process is the identification of... 

Iran like other Developing countries is prone to natural disasters. Not only these countries are situated in areas exposed to geological and climatic hazards, but they most significantly lack policies for hazard prevention and mitigation. A considerable amount of residential areas and installations in Tehran are on the mountainous hillsides, therefore the risk related to debris flows has been enlarged. Debris flows represent one of the most dangerous geomorphologic hazards that occur in mountainous areas. Their high mobility can cause damage, not only inside and adjacent to the torrent, but also on the debris fan. The main purpose of this thesis is to present a straight forward procedure to... 

Coinciding with the worldwide environmental issues and increasing demand for clean energy sources, hydropower plants have highly attracted decision- makers attention. Low manufacturing costs and pollutions which are made by these plants in comparison with another types of powerhouses, could be reason of that. And so on, hydropower locating and evaluating studies have been highly increased recently, specifically in developing countries. From the point of operation procedure, hydropower plants are generally divided in two types, run-of-he-river and storage projects. This study has concentrated on run-of-he-river projects and due to spotting plant location, Sefidbarg river basin... 

One of the most important matters beside the shortage and requirement of water in big cities is how to dispose of wastewater. Also concerns with the continued use of centralized facilities include the capacity limitation, increased population growth, sustainable use of water, water shortages due to changes in global cycles and homeland security and disaster mitigation. Therefore the use of decentralized and satellite treatment systems is essential for big cities such as Tehran. One important matter pertaining to this issue is site selection of decentralized wastewater treatment plant. Multicriteria decision making is one of the methods that is used for site selection. By multicriteria... 

A basic highway design problem is to find the most economical alignment connecting two given end points based on topography, soil conditions, socioeconomic factors and environmental impacts, while satisfying a set of design and operational constraints. The cost function complexity and numerous limitations such as highway design criteria have made this problem a NP-hard one. In this study, a swarm based searching algorithm has been applied to a three dimensional highway alignment optimization model. The spatial data has been exploited from a GIS databases using a heuristic swift approach. In addition, the majority of cost items that depend on highway design have been extended in a practical...