Sharif Digital Repository

Globally energy system is the main source of green house gas emission. 60-90 percent of manmade CO2 is due to energy sector. Pollutants like NOx, CO, Non Methane Hydrocarbons which may cause indirect effect on climate system are mainly emitting from energy sector. Gas, Oil and Coal extraction and transmission are responsible for more than 15% of Methane emission globally. Therefore it is important to consider all types of GHGs emission as well as all sectors of energy system to assess the GHGs mitigation potential throughout the energy system. Considering the significance of energy sector in GHGs emission, in this study we developed an optimized model for Iran’s energy sector in which we ran... 

Controlling, managing, and mitigating the emission of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, which are produced by human activities, are one of the main concerns of researchers today. Market-based methods are one the successful methods to enhance controlling, managing, and mitigating carbon dioxide emissions, among which the carbon tax has received more attention. Increasing clean technologies in the electricity network to the reduce the emissions of the electricity industry may reduce the carbon tax rate. In this regard, the life cycle analysis makes it possible to consider the emissions of the life cycle. The present model is applied for two representative days of Iran's electricity... 

Scientific studies, conducted over the world, show that an immense portion of pollutants and greenhouse gases emission to the atmosphere are the direct result of the incineration of fossil fuels in industrial units. These industrial units include chemical industries, power plants, metal industry, etc. Therefore, there is a tremendous necessity to reduce the pollutants emission from these industries immediately and effectively. Meanwhile, in order to mitigate the emission to the atmosphere, there should be a meticulous estimation of pollutants emission from various sources. Hence, in a project called "standardization of emission of pollutants from diverse industrial units in Iran", the... 

Different disadvantages associated with using fossil fuels as the main energy source including crisis of wells’ depletion and serious environmental problems, causing by the emission of large quantities of greenhouse gases (GHG), especially carbon dioxide (CO2), has increased attention to replacing them with renewable and clean fuels such as wind, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Hydrogen, as a clean energy carrier, is one of the best fuels in terms of the environment and cost. So, it is recently receiving increasing attention and it may one day replace fossil fuels for various applications such as in automobiles and power stations. The main subject of this thesis was surveying the... 

Transportation services enable economic growth of countries and account as a major part of Gross National Product (GNP) but on the other hand have negative environmental impacts including Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, noise pollution and toxic effects on the ecosystem such as acid rain. The traditional objective of distribution management is usually minimizing economic costs. Given the existing environmental problems, ecological and social effects of transportation should be considered in addition to the conventional economic costs. In this study, a special type of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with a heterogeneous vehicle fleet that in which environmental and traffic considerations taken... 

The power supply system is one of the most important and complex systems. Various factors affect this system. Climate change affects different parts of the power supply system. In this study, the effect of climate change on electricity demand and electricity supply system has been investigated by considering the limited water resources. The amount of water withdrawal and GHG emissions in different scenarios. Scenarios are considered in such a way that assess the probable rising prices of fuels and water, and carbon taxes at three levels. Also, scenarios of rising water prices have been considered to evaluate the effect of this policy alone. It is worth noting that power plants are modeled... 

Based on International Energy Agency studies, achievement of 450 ppm CO2-equivalent emission target in global emission means that the CO2 emissions in 2050 must be reduced to %50 of 2005 level, and this implies that a portfolio of emission reduction policies and strategies need to be exploited through current century.
At the present time, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Technology is a dominant strategy among all the long-term carbon abatement strategies in many countries. Nevertheless, its potential as a climate mitigating option will be proved, only if it is implemented in the countries which are developing at a great pace and taking advantage of fossil fuels in order to afford their... 

When increased emissions are combined with a carbon tax or emissions trading system, the result is a supply chain with increased costs attributable to the emission generated on the different parts of supply chain. Most traditional supply chain design models do not take emissions and carbon costs into account. Hence, there is a need to incorporate emission costs into a supply chain optimization model to see how the optimal supply chain configuration may be affected by the additional expenses. This thesis presents a mathematical programming model for the design of green supply chains. The costs of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions were incorporated in the objective function, along with the... 

Concerns have increased about global warming caused by CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. At the moment, carbon capture and storage is the best available solution. Among the current technologies for CCS, amine-based chemical absorption appears to be the most common method. Amines show several inherent drawbacks such as high vapor pressure, high energy consumption in regeneration, corrosivity and degradability. So, researchers have developed new solvents with the foresight of being superior to amines. Ionic liquids (ILs) are among the most suitable alternatives. The most prominent feature of ILs is their tunable thermophysical properties. In this work, physical absorption by ILs is chosen as... 

Anaerobic digestion of waste and wastewater has attracted researchers’ attention due to its important effect on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing the level of environmental pollution and production of methane as a renewable energy source. This process is highly sensitive and can become unstable due to the presence of complex biochemical reactions and containing various types of chemical in it. In order to understand and improve the performance of this process, modeling and design of an appropriate control strategy is needed. ADM1 is the most accurate model for this process which is used in this study to describe and simulate the anaerobic reactor. Constrained and unconstrained... 

In this thesis, an optimum structure of electricity supply system will be presented that consumer and producer interests are provided in order to reducing greenhouse emissions in achieving targets Paris Accord. So, at first, subsidy of fossil and renewable power plants were determined with considering Iran’s energy rules and applying variables such as efficiency, FOB price of oil and natural gas, inflation rate, energy conversion price and FIT in renewable power plants. At second, electricity price will be estimated by System Dynamics (SD) method and Pay as bid pricing mechanism in energy market on years between at 2018 to 2030 (time period of Paris Accord). Based on the subsidy of fossil... 

The employment of strategies with low operational and capital investment to reduce ship's voyage costs is gaining considerable attention. With rising fuel prices, shipping companies are concerned with the increase of fuel costs of the ships. In this research, the smart steaming strategy, including the simultaneous optimization of ship's sailing route and speed, is proposed as an efficient alternative for the slow steaming to minimize ships' fuel consumption and voyage costs. By implementing the smart steaming strategy, ships owners can ensure that the ship sails at the optimal and safe sailing route and reaches the destination port on time. In addition, the proposed shipping strategy can... 

The Cost/Benefit Analysis (CBA) is considered to be among the chief and most widely used analytical tools in the realm of public policy and particularly environmental and climatic planning. The National Strategic Plan on Climate Change—a.k.a., Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) of Iran—under the Paris Agreement (PA) accommodates sets of measures to be undertaken in various sectors of the country, including energy and specifically the power generation sub-sector, so as to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). This study begins with a regression analysis of historical data to identify current trends of fossil fuels consumption, wherefrom the emission level of relevant...