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Anxiety and cognitive load affect upper limb motor control in Parkinson's disease during medication phases
, Article Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ; Volume 1494, Issue 1 , 2021 , Pages 44-58 ; 00778923 (ISSN) ; Mehdizadeh, H ; Azad, A ; Mehdizadeh, M ; Reyhanian, E ; Saberi, Z. S ; Meimandi, M ; Soltanzadeh, A ; Roohi Azizi, M ; Vasaghi Gharamaleki, B ; Parnianpour, M ; Khalaf, K ; Taghizadeh, G ; Sharif University of Technology
John Wiley and Sons Inc
2021
Abstract
Anxiety is among the most debilitating nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to determine how PD patients with low and high levels of anxiety (LA-PD and HA-PD, respectively) compare with age- and sex-matched controls at the level of motor control of reach-to-grasp movements during single- and dual-task conditions with varying complexity. Reach-to-grasp movement kinematics were assessed in 20 LA-PD, 20 HA-PD, and 20 sex- and age-matched healthy controls under single- as well as easy and difficult dual-task conditions. Assessment of PD patients was performed during both the on- and off-drug phases. The results obtained during dual-task conditions reveal deficits in...