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High Saline Water Treatment by the Process of Membrane Distillation Combined with Solar Energy
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Rajabi, Abbas (Supervisor) ; Musavi, Abbas (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this study, membrane distillation process was used for treatment of high salinity waters. The focus of this study is to simulate and build a setup of membrane distillation process. Since the membrane distillation process is based on the driving force of the temperature difference, the required temperature is provided by both the use of heaters and the use of solar energy. To increase the feed temperature by solar energy, a black polymer coating on the main membrane is used. The main membrane used in this process is PVDF polymer and the polymer coated on the surface is the PAN polymer. After simulating and constructing the laboratory setup, the influence of a variety of parameters on the...
Forward Osmosis in High Saline Water Desalination
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Soltanieh, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Musavi, Abbas (Supervisor)
Abstract
Due to population growth, per capita change and heterogeneous distribution of water resources, forecasts demonstrate that more than 66% of the world's population will experience water scarcity by 2025. The major concern of desalination is their management of brine, with concentrations and their associated components more than twice the input concentration. Also, when extracting oil, per 1 oil barrel, about 7 to 10 barrels of high saline water are produced. One of the most common methods for disposing of brine is direct discharge into the environment, which, due to its destructive effects, creates serious threats to marine ecosystems. Therefore, it is necessary to desalting these high saline...
Impact of injection parameters on mixing control by polymer-enhanced low-salinity waterflooding
, Article Energy and Fuels ; Volume 36, Issue 19 , 2022 , Pages 11808-11816 ; 08870624 (ISSN) ; Rostami, B ; Mahani, H ; Sharif University of Technology
American Chemical Society
2022
Abstract
In situ mixing by dispersive transport of salt and viscous fingering between the injected low-salinity (LS) brine and high-salinity (HS) formation brine can jeopardize the performance of low-salinity waterflooding (LSWF). In our previous papers, we demonstrated that in situ mixing can be suppressed by polymer-enhanced low-salinity waterflooding (PELS), in which a small amount of a viscosifying agent, such as a polymer, is added to the LS stream. Nevertheless, effective mixing control with PELS depends upon several factors and operational conditions, which have not yet been addressed. Therefore, this research focuses on the investigation of the impact of injection parameters, such as the...
Photothermally heated and mesh-gridded solar-driven direct contact membrane distillation for high saline water desalination
, Article International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer ; Volume 199 , 2022 ; 00179310 (ISSN) ; Asadollahi, M ; Mousavi, S.A ; Rajabi ghahnavieh, A ; Behzadi Sarok, M ; Khayet, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2022
Abstract
Photothermally heated and mesh-gridded membrane distillation (PHMD) system is proposed for desalination of high saline aqueous solutions. A triple-layered membrane, composed of a photothermal top nanofibrous layer containing polyacrylonitrile and dispersed carbon black nanoparticles and a polyvinylidene fluoride porous membrane supported on a nonwoven polyester, was prepared. A polypropylene mesh was used to hold the membrane. A 3D numerical simulation of the PHMD system was carried out by COMSOL and the appropriate length of the membrane module was determined. The effects of various operating parameters including solar radiation intensity on the permeate flux and thermal efficiency were...
Synergy effects of ions, resin, and asphaltene on interfacial tension of acidic crude oil and low-high salinity brines
, Article Fuel ; Volume 165 , 2016 , Pages 75-85 ; 00162361 (ISSN) ; Riazi, M ; Ayatollahi, S ; Zeinol Abedini Hezave, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
It is well established that the heavy oil components including asphaltenes and resins play vital roles on the interfacial tension (IFT) of acidic crude oil (ACO) and aqueous solutions. Therefore, this experimental work is designed to investigate the possible synergism between salt ions, resin, and asphaltene on the IFT of ACO/low and high salinity brines containing MgCl2/NaCl and CaCl2. The results demonstrate that a complex ion of MgCl2 - resin component created in the solution could occupy the sites at the interface at high MgCl2 concentration. However, the results show that on the contrary, the molecular arrangement of MgCl2 and asphaltene at low and high MgCl2 concentration could be...
Polymer-Enhanced low-salinity brine to control in situ mixing and salt dispersion in low-salinity waterflooding
, Article Energy and Fuels ; Volume 35, Issue 13 , 2021 , Pages 10540-10550 ; 08870624 (ISSN) ; Rostami, B ; Mahani, H ; Sharif University of Technology
American Chemical Society
2021
Abstract
Although viability of low-salinity waterflooding (LSWF) at the laboratory scale has been proven, there are some challenges associated with its field application, which sheds uncertainties on its economic success. One of the challenges is the minimum required volume of low-salinity water, which should be injected to the reservoir due to the salt dispersion in porous media. Once the low-saline brine is injected into the reservoir, mixing of injected (low-salinity) and resident (high-salinity) brines occurs and the developed mixing zone grows continuously as the front moves from the injection well toward the production well. Increase in the salinity of the front reduces the efficiency of LSWF....
The non-linear effect of oil polarity on the efficiency of low salinity waterflooding: A pore-level investigation
, Article Journal of Molecular Liquids ; January , 2021 ; 01677322 (ISSN) ; Mohammadi, S ; Mahani, H ; Ayatollahi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B. V
2021
Abstract
Oil polarity is an important property impacting the efficiency of low salinity waterflooding (LSWF). It directly affects fluid/fluid and rock/fluid interactions, controlling the interfacial properties and forces. However, the current findings in the literature on the effect of concentration of polar components on oil recovery by LSWF are contradictory. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to investigate how the type of non-polar fractions and the concentration of acidic polar oil constituents change the trapped oil saturation at the pore-scale during LSWF. In this regard, we conducted a series of microfluidics LSWF experiments in both secondary and tertiary modes, using clay-free...
Pore-Scale Investigation of Polymer Enhanced Low Salinity Water flooding EOR
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Mahani, Hassan (Supervisor) ; Rostami, Behzad (Supervisor)
Abstract
Low salinity water flooding (LSWF) is a relatively new EOR method in which low salinity or modified ionic composition water is injected into the reservoir to alter its wettability toward a more water-wettable state to accelerate oil recovery. Ease of field deployment and relatively low cost, as well as laboratory results confirming the positive effect of this method in improving the oil recovery factor, have made this technique attractive in the oil industry.Despite the many advantages of this method, overcoming the mixing between low and high salinity water which occurs due to a high mobility ratio between these two fluids is essential because it negatively affects the efficiency of LSWF....
Acidic heavy oil recovery using a new formulated surfactant accompanying alkali–polymer in high salinity brines
, Article Journal of Surfactants and Detergents ; Volume 20, Issue 3 , 2017 , Pages 725-733 ; 10973958 (ISSN) ; Jadaly, A ; Ayatollahi, S ; Masihi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
The strength of a newly formulated surfactant with an alkali and polymer (AS/ASP) to improve an acidic heavy oil recovery was laboratory evaluated by various flooding experiments. The comparative role of the parameters like chemical nature, surface wettability, salinity, temperature and injection scheme were explored at high temperature and pressure on Berea sandstone rocks. According to the results the anionic surfactant is capable of providing proper oil displacement under high salinity conditions around 15 wt%. Continuous monitoring of differential pressure response and effluents’ state clearly represented the formation of an emulsified oil in high saline solutions with both alkali and...
Application of different novel and newly designed commercial ionic liquids and surfactants for more oil recovery from an Iranian oil field
, Article Journal of Molecular Liquids ; Volume 230 , 2017 , Pages 579-588 ; 01677322 (ISSN) ; Ayatollahi, S ; Keshavarz, P ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2017
Abstract
This investigation is conducted on one of the southern Iranian oil fields, which experiences a fault on its gas cap. Therefore, no traditional gas injection and normal water injection for pressure maintenance is suggested. The target is set to inject special compatible and proper type of chemicals in each single well to avoid the pressure increase for the risk of oil and gas spill. Two different sources of aqueous phases, namely formation brine and sea water were used to find the effects of different brine composition on the main mechanisms of releasing the trapped oil, interfacial tension (IFT) and wettability alteration. The obtained results reveal that both the ionic liquid (IL) based...
The non-linear effect of oil polarity on the efficiency of low salinity waterflooding: A pore-level investigation
, Article Journal of Molecular Liquids ; Volume 346 , 2022 ; 01677322 (ISSN) ; Mohammadi, S ; Mahani, H ; Ayatollahi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2022
Abstract
Oil polarity is an important property impacting the efficiency of low salinity waterflooding (LSWF). It directly affects fluid/fluid and rock/fluid interactions, controlling the interfacial properties and forces. However, the current findings in the literature on the effect of concentration of polar components on oil recovery by LSWF are contradictory. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to investigate how the type of non-polar fractions and the concentration of acidic polar oil constituents change the trapped oil saturation at the pore-scale during LSWF. In this regard, we conducted a series of microfluidics LSWF experiments in both secondary and tertiary modes, using clay-free...
Experimental investigation of oily water treatment by membrane bioreactor
, Article Desalination ; Volume 250, Issue 2 , 2010 , Pages 598-600 ; 00119164 (ISSN) ; Mowla, D ; Vossoughi, M ; Hesampour, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
In this study a membrane bioreactor (MBR) has been studied experimentally for the treatment of oil field wastewater (produced water). This type of wastewater is characterised with relativity moderate to high amount of salt and oil. The normal bacteria which are growing in conventional activated sludge and MBR cannot withstand at these adverse conditions, therefore it is necessary to be adapted. In this study, different samples from sea sediment in Bushehr (south of Iran) were analysed and different groups of bacteria were isolated and adapted for surveying under high salinity conditions. The performance and efficiency of these bacteria in the degradation of model oil has been studied. The...