Sharif Digital Repository

Properties of FeCo nanocrystalline intermetallic powders prepared by salt-matrix hydrogen reduction of a milled Fe 2O 3-Co 3O 4 mixture were investigated. The product of 72 ks ball-milling at 350 rpm was CoFe 2O 4 nanopowder. Reduction of this powder for 3.6 ks by hydrogen at 750 °C resulted in the formation of Fe 0.67Co 0.33 stoichiometric compound. Scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometry were used to characterize the nanopowder. Using a salt-matrix (NaCl as a dispersion medium) resulted in the decrease of the reduction temperature and improvement of the morphology and magnetic properties of the nanopowder.... 

Fe-Ni nano-particles were synthesized by mechanical alloying and subsequent low-temperature hydrogen reduction of oxide mixtures. First, single-phase nickel ferrite was mechanically synthesized for 30 h with steel balls to powder weight ratio of 20 while the milling was operated at 300 rpm. The as-milled powder was then placed in contact with hydrogen at 600 °C for 1 h. Reduction reactions resulted in production of Fe-Ni nano-particles. Phase identification, morphological and microstructural studies, chemical analysis and magnetic property determination were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transition electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive... 

In this study, tungsten oxide films were deposited by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) technique. The as-deposited films were annealed at 250 °C in air for 1 h. The surface morphology, microstructure, crystalline phase, and chemical composition of the films were characterized by SEM, XRD and XPS techniques. Pt nanoparticles were deposited onto the tungsten oxide films through a two-step process. First of all, a layer of PtCl2 was coated on the WO3 surface by drop-drying the PtCl2 solution onto the WO3 surface at 60 °C. Consequently, the reduction of the PtCl2 into the metallic Pt nanoparticles was performed at 200 °C. In this study, the effect of the temperature during hydrogen reduction of... 

A two-stage hydrogen-reduction/sintering procedure was used to synthesize W-15 wt%Cu nano-composite tablets. Hydrogen-reduction was carried out at 600, 650, 700 and 750 °C for 15-90 min and sintering was performed at 1100, 1150, 1200 and 1250 °C for 60 min. Morphology and grain size of the products were rigorously investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and nano-particle Zeta-sizer. Maximum consolidation of the nano-composite product was achieved at 1200 °C. Hydrogen-reduction at 700 °C for 90 min showed an average particle size of ∼72.9 nm. Total reduction was achieved at higher temperatures and longer times. The mixture had a homogeneous structure... 

A clean energy revolution is occurring across the world. As iron and steelmaking have a tremendous impact on the amount of CO2 emissions, there is an increasing attraction towards improving the green footprint of iron and steel production. Among reducing agents, hydrogen has shown a great potential to be replaced with fossil fuels and to decarbonize the steelmaking processes. Although hydrogen is in great supply on earth, extracting pure H2 from its compound is costly. Therefore, it is crucial to calculate the partial pressure of H2 with the aid of reduction reaction kinetics to limit the costs. This review summarizes the studies of critical parameters to determine the kinetics of reduction.... 

A simple method for synthesising W17O47 nanowires on tungsten oxide thin films deposited by sol-gel method on mica substrate has been reported. After thermally annealing thin films at 700 C in H2 ambient for different durations and subsequently in N2 ambient for 60 min, single-crystalline W17O47 nanowires along h0 01i direction were formed on the surface. Experimental results revealed that annealing under H2 ambient has an important effect on the growth of W17O47 nanowires. According to scanning electron microscopic observations, the synthesised nanowires have ∼70 nm in width and a few microns in length after annealing under H2 ambient for 30min and subsequently under N2 ambient for 60min. A... 

In this study, tungsten oxide films were synthesized by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. The as-deposited films were annealed at a temperature of 250 and 350°C in air for 1 h. The surface morphology, microstructure, crystalline phase and chemical composition of the as-prepared and annealed films were characterized by SEM, XRD and XPS techniques, respectively. Deposition of Pd nanoparticles onto the tungsten oxide surface was performed by hydrogen reduction of a drop-drying PdCl 2 solution onto a WO 3 surface at 60°C. The influence of the annealing temperature on microstructure and gasochromic performance as well as the effect of operating temperature is presented in this work. Results... 

Nowadays, gasochromic Pd/WO3 coatings as optically switchable materials have become more applicable for hydrogen sensors and smart windows. In this study, WO3 films were prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) and spin-coating sol-gel techniques. For deposition of Pd, first a layer of PdCl2 was obtained via a simple drop-drying process by dropping PdCl2 solution onto WO3 substrates and drying them at room temperature. Then Pd nanoparticles were synthesized via hydrogen gas exposure that causes reduction of the PdCl2 layer. According to Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observations before hydrogen reduction, many individual nanoparticles or fractal-like constructions of palladium were... 

Sintering response and phase formation during sintering of WC-Co/316L stainless steel composites produced by assembling of powder injection molding (PIM) parts were studied. It is shown that during cosintering a significant mismatch strain (>4 pct) is developed in the temperature range of 1080 °C to 1350 °C. This mismatch strain induces biaxial stresses at the interface, leading to interface delamination. Experimental results revealed that sintering at a heating rate of 20 K/min could be used to decrease the mismatch strain to <2 pct. Meanwhile, WC is decomposed at the contact area and the diffusion of C and Co into the iron lattice results in the formation of a liquid and MC and M6C... 

Most recent findings on structural and magnetic properties of Fe-Ni-Co nano-powders produced by mechanical alloying and subsequent low-temperature hydrogen reduction are presented in this paper. At 300 rpm, with ball to powder weight ratio of 20, single phase nickel-cobalt ferrite is mechanically synthesized for 50 h. The as-milled powder is then subjected to 1 h hydrogen reduction at 700 °C. Hydrogen reduction results in the formation of Fe-16.5%Ni-16.5%Co nano-powders. The phases of the powders are identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) utilizing Cu Kα radiation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to study the morphology and the average...