Sharif Digital Repository

A discussion covers the general descriptions and basic properties of ionic liquids (IL); main application areas, e.g., solvent replacement, purification of gases, homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis, biological reactions media, and removal of metal ions; and results of the research and works relating to gas solubility measurement and thermodynamic modeling of gas solubility with focus on acid gas solubility in IL. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the CHISA 2012 - 20th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering and PRES 2012 - 15th Conference on Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction (Prague, Czech Republic... 

Natural gas contains several impurities, e.g., CO 2 and H 2S, which have undesirable effects on the performance of the glassy polymeric membranes. The plasticization effect of H 2S at high concentrations on the gas separation performance of polyphenylene oxide hollow fiber membrane has been studied at different compositions of H 2S and feed pressures. The existence of high concentrations of H 2S in CH 4 feed mixture, which is present in many natural gas sources in Iran, enhances plasticization. For a H 2S/CH 4 mixture containing 5008 ppm H 2S at ≈ 75 psig, the H 2S permeance reduces by > 45% from its initial value. H 2S acts as a plasticizer in H 2S/CH 4 membrane separation at elevated... 

A standard simulating technique test was investigated to assess the atmospheric corrosion behavior of silver coating. The rates of formation of corrosion products were measured in the simulating atmospheres of 100% humidity containing SO 2,H 2S and a complex atmosphere consist of SO 2,H 2S and NO 2 gases ,based on the mass increase method. The concentrations of corrosive gases were chosen according to real world conditions. XRD, SEM and EDS were used to examine the morphology and to determine the composition of the corrosion products under different experimental conditions. Results revealed the formation of Ag 2SO 4 and Ag 2S on the silver coating surfaces in the SO 2 and H 2S containing... 

The performance of commercially available poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) and Cardotype polyimide (PI) hollow fiber membranes was investigated in removing hydrogen sulfide from methane in a series of bench-scale experiments. It was observed that in the concentration range of hydrogen sulfide in methane from 101 to 401 ppm, the methane permeability decreased in the presence of hydrogen sulfide for Cardo-type polyimide hollow fiber membranes, whereas the PPO membrane performance was not affected. The separation coefficients of hydrogen sulfide/methane were 6 and 4 for PI and PPO membranes, respectively. Effects of temperature on the performance of PI and PPO membranes were... 

A mathematical model has been developed that is based the dual sorption in the dense layer and pore flow in the porous layer. In the porous layer a resistance model is applied where four mechanisms, i.e., Knudsen, Viscous, Slip, and Surface flows, are superimposed. Steady-state, constant pressure along the membrane and constant physical properties are assumed. Its application to the separation of H 2S/CH 4 gas mixtures as a sour gas in natural gas sweetening by using a PPO hollow fiber module is put forward. The Quasi Newton method is used to determine the parameters of membrane transport model for the case of H 2S/CH 4 separation. The H 2S and CH 4 permeances increased by increasing the... 

Three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide (3D-rGO) structures decorated with CuO particles (GCu) are synthesized through a simple and scalable method for detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas. For characterization and investigation of porous structure various techniques were employed. Decorated 3D structures demonstrated higher sensitivity and selectivity in comparison to pure structure. Optimized structure for sensing was obtained through introducing different amounts of CuO. The GCu heterostructures containing 35 μmol of CuO powder demonstrated reproducible response of about 30% to the concentration of 10 ppm at room temperature, while complete recovery was obtained through heating to 150... 

Biological oxidation of ferrous sulfate by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans has proved to be a significant step in the bioleaching of sulfide minerals and the treatment of acid mine drainage. The same bioreaction also has beneficial applications in the desulphurization of coal and removal of hydrogen sulfide from gaseous effluents. In this research, the effects of some process variables such as pH, temperature, elemental sulfur, amount of initial ferrous and magnesium ions on oxidation of ferrous sulfate by a native A. ferrooxidans, which was isolated from a chalcopyrite concentrate, were investigated. All experiments carried out in shake flasks at 33 °C that was obtained as optimum... 

The physicochemical techniques presently available for treatment of H2S containing gases are many and varied. In near future small gas reservoirs with high concentration of H2S will be explored, therefore the gas processing industry is seeking novel, cost effective, environmentally compatible and operator friendly technologies applicable to the small volume producrs. The continuing search for more economical methods has led to investigations into microbiological processes. The biological process which has been studied in this research is Bio-SR process. Bio-SR process uses thiobacillus ferroxidans bacteria to regenerate gas treating solution (ferrous sulfate). In this way, the effects of... 

This paper deals with the modeling and simulation of binary liquid-phase adsorption of methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide from a liquid butane stream by zeolite molecular sieve 13X in a fixed bed. The model equations account for the effect of axial dispersion and the inter- and intraparticle, mass-transfer resistances at isothermal operating conditions. Orthogonal collocation and Gill's fourth-order Runge-Kutta methods were used to solve the dimensionless general forms of the 4N-eoupled ordinary differential equations for simultaneous adsorption of the solutes by the adsorbent in a fixed bed. The model predictions were compared to the commercial-scale plant data of an Iranian... 

The oxidation of ferrous iron in solution using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans has industrial applications in the regeneration of ferric iron as an oxidant agent for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from waste gases, desulphurization of coal, leaching of non-ferrous metallic sulfides and treatment of acid mine drainage. The aim of this attempt was to increase the biooxidation rate of ferrous sulfate by using immobilized cells. Rate of ferrous iron oxidation was determined in a packed-bed reactor configuration with low density polyethylene (LDPE) particles as support material in order to find the most practical system for scale-up. The present work studies the influence of basic parameters on... 

Metal-oxide gas sensors are widely used for detection of detrimental H2S gas. Among them, SnO2-CuO system has been proved to be an excellent candidate. The previous theoretical 2D thin bilayer model was able to explain some aspects of H2S sensing performance of this promising system. However, experimental researches have indicated that response values for this system are very diverse and various SnO2-CuO multicomponent heterostructures such as rods, wires and particles have much higher response than their thin bilayer counterparts. Understanding the reason behind this differences would help fabrication of optimized sensor element. However, the previous model cannot address this issue mainly... 

Catalytic decomposition of the ethyl mercaptan over an H-ZSM-5 zeolite in a newly designed microreactor was undertaken in this study. A numerically developed distributor possessing superior flow distribution was amended to 24 parallel microchannels with 64 mm length, 700 μm width, and 600 μm depth. Ethyl mercaptan complete conversion required 350 °C through the developed microreactor while in a conventional fixed-bed-reactor 400 °C was needed. Higher selectivity towards the main products of this decomposition (hydrogen sulfide and ethylene) were observed in this microreactor in comparison to that of a fixed-bed-reactor. In addition, lower selectivity towards formation of byproducts was...